基于積極心理學,采用問卷調查法,對859名老年人進行調查,探討社會支持對老年人社會幸福感的影響機制,并檢驗希望與孤獨感的中介效應模型及其模型適用性,借此構建四個變量之間的關系模型,探索促進老年人心理健康發展的內在機制。結果表明:(1)社會支持、希望、孤獨感與社會幸福感之間兩兩相關顯著,社會支持、希望和孤獨感是影響老年人社會幸福感的重要因素;(2)社會支持通過希望對社會幸福感影響的中介效應顯著;(3)社會支持通過孤獨感對社會幸福感影響的中介效應顯著;(4)在同時檢驗希望和孤獨感在社會支持影響社會幸福感的多重中介效應時,二者在社會支持和社會幸福感間均起部分中介作用。研究結果證實了社會支持影響社會幸福感及希望和孤獨感部分中介作用的心理機制,為提高老年人心理健康水平提供了參考建議。

Aging is a complex process of physical, psychological and social changes. With the advent of the era of China’s aging, the physical and mental health of the elderly has drawn more and more attention by our society. Aging is set of unavoidable and irreversible processes, but it is possible to age gracefully. Successful aging has always been an important subject in positive psychology. It focuses on the development of the mental health of the elderly. Based on the theory of positive psychology, the current study investigated the mediating effects of hope and loneliness on the relationship between perceived social support and social well-being in the elderly via a questionnaire survey. In addition, the indirect effect model of hope was verified to establish the relationship model among these three variables and to explore the internal mechanism that enhances the development of psychological well-being among the elderly. The findings indicate the following:(1) social support, hope, and loneliness are all related to social well-being;(2) social support plays a vital role in social well-being among the elderly;(3) hope plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and social well-being;(4) loneliness plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and social well-being; and(5) hope and loneliness play part of the mediating role of the multiple mediating effects that social support affect social well-being. The current study validates the impact of social support on social well-being and the partially mediating roles of hope and loneliness. Accordingly, this study enriches positive psychology research and can ease the psychological health of the elderly to provide an effective empirical basis, and it provides suggestions for the well-being education of the elderly. The study is beneficial to improving the mental health of the elderly in practice, to improve the awareness of the elderly for seeking social support, and promote the good mentality of elderly training. In addition, the study is helpful to reduce the negative experience of loneliness, enhance their hope for future life, and so improve the social well-being of older people.