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題名:鏡像神經元的意義
書刊名:心理學報
作者:葉浩生
作者(外文):Ye, Haosheng
出版日期:2016
卷期:2016(4)
頁次:444-456
主題關鍵詞:鏡像神經元鏡像神經系統鏡像機制具身模擬認知具身性Mirror neuronsMirror neuron systemsMirror mechanismsEmbodied simulationEmbodiment of cognition
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鏡像神經元是一種感覺–運動神經元。它的典型特征是在動作觀察和動作執行兩個階段皆被激活。多年來,由于研究倫理的限制,研究恒河猴時使用的單細胞電極植入方式無法應用于人類,因而不能確定人類大腦皮層是否也存在著具有同樣功能的神經細胞。但是通過腦成像技術,神經科學家確定人類大腦皮層存在著具有相同或類似功能的腦區,稱為"鏡像神經系統"。文章對鏡像神經元及其人類鏡像神經系統的意義進行了深入分析,指出:(1)由于鏡像機制把動作知覺和動作執行進行匹配,觀察者僅僅通過他人行為的知覺,就激活了執行這一動作的神經環路,產生了一種他人動作的具身模擬,因而可以直接把握他人的行為意圖;(2)鏡像神經元所表現出來的那種動作知覺與動作執行的雙重激活功能支持了身心一體說,從方法論上證明了身心二元論的缺陷,為身心的整體觀提供了神經生物學的證據;(3)鏡像神經機制把他人的動作與自己的運動系統相匹配,以自身動作的神經環路對他人的動作做出回應,促進了人際理解和溝通,成為社會溝通的"神經橋梁"。
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