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題名：聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用
書刊名：心理學報
作者：趙榮／王小娟／楊劍峰
作者(外文)：Zhao, Rong／Wang, Xiao-juan／Yang, Jian-feng
出版日期：2016
卷期：2016(8)
頁次：915-923
主題關鍵詞：音節感知；音段信息；聲調；Syllable perception；Segmental information；Tone
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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探討超音段(如聲調)與音段信息的共同作用機制，對口語詞匯識別研究具有重要的理論意義。有研究探討了聲調在口語詞匯語義通達階段的作用，但在相對早期的音節感知階段，聲調與聲母、韻母的共同作用機制還缺乏系統的認識。本研究采用oddball實驗范式，通過兩個行為實驗考察了聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用。實驗1發現檢測聲調和聲母變化的時間沒有差異，均比檢測韻母變化的時間長，表明在漢語音節感知中對聲調的敏感性不及韻母。實驗2發現聲母和韻母的組合并沒有明顯優于對韻母的覺察，但聲調與聲母或韻母的同時變化都促進了被試對偏差刺激的覺察，表明聲調通過與聲母、韻母的結合來共同影響漢語音節的感知加工。研究結果在認知行為層面為聲調在音節感知中的作用機制提供了直接的實驗證據，為進一步探討超音段與音段信息共同作用的認知神經機制提供了基礎。
An increasing interest in spoken word recognition has focused on studies of tonal language recently since previous cognitive and neuroanatomical models of speech perception were proposed based on studies of non-tone language. To examine the language general of these models, some studies have attempted to investigate the difference between the processing of segmental and suprasegmental information in tonal language. Consequently, Chinese tone becomes topical and receives an increasing attention. However, previous studies have examined the processing of tone in semantic access in spoken words, speech development, as well as word reading. The role of tone and its combined impact with segmental information(initial consonant and vowel) in Chinese syllable perception are not well understood yet. The current study conducted two behavioral experiments to test the influence of tone in Chinese syllable perception. To compare the role of tone and segmental information, Experiment 1 used an oddball paradigm by presenting a stream of standard syllables interrupted by deviant syllables. Deviants were created from standard syllable("da1")by changing the initial Consonant(C change, "ga1"), Vowel(V change, "du1") and Tone(T change, "da4"). The rate of standard and deviant syllables was 8:1 and the interval between each pair of deviant syllables included, at least, five standard syllables. Experiment 2 used the same paradigm to test the combined effect of tone and segmental information. Five types of deviant syllables were created by changing the vowel(V, "du1"), consonant plus vowel(C+V, "gu1"), tone plus consonant(T+C, "ga4"), tone plus vowel(T+V, "du4"), and tone plus consonant plus vowel(T+C+V, "gu4"). Twenty-eight university students took part in Experiment 1 and another 31 students participated in Experiment 2. In both experiments, participants listened to the auditory stimuli in the earphone with their eyes fixing at the cross on the screen. They were instructed to response correctly and quickly by pressing a button when they detected a deviant syllable from the stream of the standard syllables. Stimulus presentation and response latency collection were controlled using E-prime 1.1 software. Experiment 1 observed a significant difference in the reaction time among three types of deviant syllables. Detecting vowel change was faster than detecting initial consonant and tone changes, whereas there was no difference between the latter two conditions. Experiment 2 observed an increasing impact on syllable perception for combined information. For the deviant syllables, detecting the changes in tone plus segmental information(T+C, T+V, and T+C+V) was faster than vowel change alone. Even for tone plus consonant(T+C), two slower changes in Experiment 1, the detecting time was faster than vowel change alone. However, no further difference was observed among combined conditions. These results showed that tone involved in Chinese syllable perception. The influence of tone alone was weaker than vowel and stronger than the consonant, but its combined effect with segmental information was dramatic. The findings indicate an integrating effect between segmental and suprasegmental information in Chinese syllable perception. It suggests a future approach to investigate the integrating processing using cognitive neuroscience techniques.
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圖書
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