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題名:權力.女性.女體:由傅柯及女性主義觀點閱讀喬治.艾略特
作者:薛梅 引用關係
作者(外文):May Hsueh
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:外國語文學系研究所
指導教授:宋美王華
張惠娟
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:傅柯女性主義喬治. 艾略特權力身體FoucaultfeminismGeorge Eliotpowersexualitybody
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文基本架構為三:第一部份探討傅柯 (Foucault) 與女性主義之關係,第二部分重點為喬治•艾略特 (George Eliot) 與女性主義之關係,第三部分則運用傅柯閱讀艾略特的三本小說。
首先,就傅柯對女性主義之重要性而言,近年來傅柯對女性主義之影響持續發燒,但他也加深了女性主義學者立場之分歧與爭議。簡單區分,有學者贊成借用傅柯,有些極力反對,其他則傾向中間立場,主張採用傅柯理論中有利於女性主義的觀點,反之則予以拒絕。本文第一章即著眼於傅柯對女性主義所造成之影響。
其次,在女性文學史中, 喬治•艾略特代表了女性作家對父權體制的反抗。艾略特對婚姻制度的挑戰與其崇高之社會地位與成就對其後許多女性有極大的鼓舞作用。另一方面,許多女性主義學者不斷對艾略特提出質疑與不滿。艾略特對「女性問題」(‘The Woman Question’) 的矛盾態度、其男性化寫作風格以及對男性友誼的偏好顯示她並非女性主義的最佳代言人。因此,如同傅柯, 女性主義學者對艾略特的態度亦同樣緊密而微妙。本文第二章即以傅柯觀點來看艾略特時代背景下的女性與女性作家以及艾略特所引發之爭議。
值得注意的是,本文之焦點為權力、(女性的)性和(女性的)身體三者在傅柯、女性主義與艾略特所關注的議題中扮演的角色。傅柯對女性主義所造成之影響在這三方面尤為顯著。對艾略特而言,書寫是她成為偉大小說家的唯一之路。但在成功之前,她的書寫往往脫離不開此三者之關聯,並因此造成她與男性及女性朋友之間關係紛亂、游移和不確定。本文希望透過此焦點,在理論方面對傅柯與女性主義的結合給予正面肯定;在作品方面,希望能從傅柯的角度閱讀艾略特並指出以往學者研究艾略特之盲點。
Abstract
The original intent of this thesis was to explore the concepts of power, female sexuality, and the female body in Eliot’s novels by adopting a Foucauldian methodology. However, after further study, I discovered an intriguing link between Foucault and feminism that has many parallels in the relationship between Eliot and feminism. The appropriation of Foucault by feminists has been extensive and yet controversial. Although some feminists welcome the “marriage” between Foucault and feminism, many are skeptical toward this insightful but detrimental convergence. Similarly, Eliot is controversial to feminists because of her ambivalent attitude toward “the woman question.” Through an analysis of the encounter between Foucault and feminism, and the feminist viewpoints on the writings of Eliot, I intend to show that only when Foucault’s concepts of power, sexuality, and the body are considered as a whole, can they be a good ground for assessing Eliot’s treatment of power, female sexuality, and the female body in her novels.
The core argument of this thesis revolves around the Foucauldian trinity of power, (female) sexuality, and the (female) body, and its application to the works of George Eliot in an attempt to established Eliot’s feminist status. To accomplish this, in the introduction I will explain the purpose for a convergence among Foucault, Feminist Thought, and George Eliot. In the first chapter, I will examine Foucault’s concept regarding the interaction of power, sexuality, and the body, and the feminist responses to it. In the second chapter I will examine the Victorian double standards concerning writing and sexuality. I will then offer a Foucauldian reading of Eliot’s sexual politics. In the third chapter I will use Foucault to examine Eliot’s three novels and highlight the diversity of feminist interpretations of Eliot. In the conclusion I will reassert that the convergence among Foucault, Feminist Thought, and George Eliot is a happy one.
In my opinion, Foucault’s concepts can shed light on the problems and limitations in feminist theories--especially regarding identity and body politics. They can also help modify our views toward Eliot. By showing the difficulties feminist claims on Foucault, I hope to show how a poststructuralist application of Foucault to Eliot can contribute to a more complex and richer assessment of Eliot. My aim is to free the Foucauldian concept of power, sexuality, and the body from a narrow teleological perspective. Female sexuality and the female body should not be viewed as fixed, restricted, and repressed, but as mobile, multiple, and subject to constant re-inscription.
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