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題名：隱喻的意義探析
作者：莊佳珣 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chuang, Chia -hsun
校院名稱：輔仁大學
系所名稱：哲學研究所
指導教授：沈清松
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：隱喻；Metaphor
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本論文考察隱喻如何形成，如何達成溝通。隱喻的問題是意義理論必須面對的問題，隱喻不是一種偶然的語言現象，而是一種意義的運作方式 。辨識隱喻，即辯識出一個不同於字面義的隱喻義，不只察覺到語言表面的分類越界，而且也必須對發言脈絡有充分的理解。因此隱喻既涉及語意層次，也涉及語用層次。
語言的隱喻用法相對於字面用法，字面用法是語言共同體中的標準用法，可列於語典中者。隱喻用法有兩個主要特徵，第一是非語典上的意義，第二是其表達式的言說與意指不一致。隱喻現象肯定一個詞可以通過與另一個詞的聯想關係，表達出一個明確的意義，這個意義不可由字面義取代，它是創新的意義。隱喻的現象表示語言的意義具有高度彈性，語言的運用是一種巧妙的藝術。如果我們視語言為一種活動，一種人與人之間的互動關係，那麼，真正的意義理論不能只考慮字面用法，必須顧及其他的表達方式。我們相信，大幅存在於現實語言的隱喻現象必然反映語言的某些本質特徵，也能澄清意義如何可能的問題。
隱喻能闡述人類行為與思想狀態的許多層面，隱喻本身是一個相當具啟發性的語言現象，不但反映了我們對事物的看法，而且又反過來影響我們對事物的看法。隱喻往往以熟悉的事物說明陌生或待解釋的事物，這是將陌生或待解釋的事物引介到某種模型中，隱喻是一種重要的認知方法，是一種觀察世界的方式，它的有效性已證諸許多整合型的隱喻研究。從對隱喻的研究，我們將發現語言的生機性和流動性，並肯定知識的主觀能動性。
The dissertation concerns on the question how metaphors work, how do they make sense to hearers. Metaphors frequently take place in daily language and using metaphors is an essential part of our language ability. Therefore a theory of meaning should take the task of explaining the meaning of metaphor. Being recognized is the necessary condition for the use of metaphor. The recognized meaning is an non-literal meaning which counts as metaphorical meaning. Being sense of metaphorical meaning depends not only on the awareness of the semantic anomaly but also the participation of the speech community. In a word, the phenomenon of metaphor is involved both semantic and pragmatic aspect of language.
The metaphorical usage is defined as a kind of non-literal meaning while literal meaning so called is the lexical or standard meaning. We stand against the reducible view of metaphorical meaning that every metaphor has an proper literal paraphrase. We claim every metaphorical meaning is an unique and creative meaning that can not be reduce to literal sense or literal expression. Metaphor is using old words to create navel meaning, which is an metabolism of language. Old meaning may be placed of an metaphorical usage and through time went by it become another literal meaning. Metaphor is gone with the old meaning and novel lexical meaning is born. In this way metaphor bring up an semantic function to language. The pragmatic aspect of metaphor explains the flexibility of meaning that speakers can make his intention into sense which go beyond semantic rules. The phenomenon of metaphor implicate the doom of atomism theory of meaning because the very character of metaphor is the conflict between meaning and reference. A new theory of meaning is possible which correspondent criteria is not necessary but creativity of subject takes an important part. .
Not only metaphor a use of language but an medium of knowledge. People use familiar things or experience to comprehend and describe unfamiliar things. Metaphor as an effective medium of cognition so that our knowledge is modeling in base. Nowadays theory of perception and theory of knowledge should take an eye on metaphors. The restoration between human mind and the living world will excite new insights continuously.
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