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題名:社會資本,信任與產業群聚-社會經濟分析
作者:洪啟嘉
作者(外文):Chia-Jia Hung
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:中山學術研究所
指導教授:王鳳生
翁嘉禧
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2004
主題關鍵詞:產業群聚信任社會資本Trust and Industrial ClusteringSocial Capital
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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近十幾年來有關「社會資本」(social capital)的理論與實證研究,如同被打開的潘朵拉盒子,迅速地進入政治學與經濟學的研究中,社會因素被認為在一國的政治或經濟發展上具有重要的角色。本研究認為台灣的整體發展,早期過度強調「經濟」,近些年來過度強調「政治」,使得台灣幾乎成為一個冷血的「唯政經重要」的冷漠「社會」。因此,本研究將嘗試整理社會學者所提出的「社會資本」概念,得出社會資本所要表達的理念(社會關係網絡、信任與規範、能產生正的外部性),一方面嘗試以經濟分析工具證明這些理念對經濟乃至整個社會運作的價值,另一方面將這些理念運用至「創新」與「產業群聚」,探討社會資本在當前經濟全球化所強調之「知識經濟」與「學習經濟」中所能扮演的角色。就經濟活動而言,社會關係網絡提供訊息傳遞管道,信任乃潤滑劑,一個訊息傳遞順暢且彼此信任的環境,不只能順暢當前的經濟活動,更能產生正的外部性,提供突破發展瓶頸的內在動力。在政策涵義上,應該強調能促進社會關係與人際信任的政策,切忌雖能達到政治目的或經濟目的但卻有破壞社會和諧之副作用的政策。
市場經濟的發展,一般認為不具身份色彩的正式制度與具有身份色彩的非正式制度(或社會資本)兩者之間存在著單向的線性關係,亦即隨著市場經濟的逐漸發展,正式制度會逐漸替代非正式制度。聲譽價值受到許多因素的影響,本研究證明了理性的交易雙方對彼此會有一定的容忍,但此理性的容忍是有程度的,程度的高低取決於一些交易環境的因素。本研究透過信任與聲譽的理性建立過程,說明社會資本是具有個體的屬性,個體可透過投資過程加以生產。本研究討論非線性創新過程中發現,創新是鑲嵌於社會網絡當中,因此,創新在相當程度上具有地理性質。一個社會資本豐富的地區,創新會較多,因為如此的地區具有能順暢知識的流動培育創造力的環境;所以,本研究以社會資本結合地理區位探討創新與產業群聚之關聯屬性及社會資本在其中所起的作用。
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