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題名：知識經濟指標之構念效度與跨群分析
作者：陳智凱 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chih-Kai Chen
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：國際企業學研究所
指導教授：黃恆獎
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2004
主題關鍵詞：線性結構模型；區別效度；因素恆等性；多元特質－多元方法；平均數結構檢定；知識經濟；幅合效度；Convergent Validity；Discriminant Validity；Multiple Trait－Multiple Method (MTMM)；Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE)；Factorial Invariance；LISREL；Mean Structure Test
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本文旨在探討有關知識經濟指標之構念效度與跨群分析議題。第一部份，本研究選取亞太經濟合作會議（Asia Pacific Economic Community, APEC）、經濟發展暨合作組織（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD）與世界銀行（World Bank, WB）等三個單位之衡量資料作為三種衡量方法（Method），並且彙總上述單位之衡量指標作為衡量特質（Trait）。利用世界銀行出版之《2002年世界發展指標光碟》（2002 World Development Indicators CD-ROM, WDI），以及瑞士日內瓦世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum, WEF）公布之《2002年國家競爭力報告》排名作為基礎資料。首先，利用MTMM模型（Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix; MTMM Matrix）驗證不同方法在衡量知識經濟概念上是否具有構念效度(construct validity)，意即是否具有幅合效度（convergent validity）與區別效度（discriminant validity）；其次，透過多元方法與多元特質建構一套知識經濟之總體衡量模型；最後，利用知識經濟指標預測國家競爭力排名。實證結果發現，三種衡量方法與五項衡量特質之MTMM矩陣模型，具有良好的幅合效度與區別效度。同時，各種知識經濟衡量指標各有擅場但是未盡完善，不過，透過本研究提供之整合性衡量指標，可以更明確掌握各國在知織經濟發展上之確切排名及優勢。
第二部分，同樣依據WDI光碟資料，檢驗知識經濟指標之總體構念模型，本研究依據相關文獻，將知識經濟指標分為五大構面：企業經營環境、創新系統、人力資源發展、資訊通訊科技、績效指標等。首先利用探索性因素分析（Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA）簡化彙總後之總體知識經濟指標，其次透過二階驗驗性因素分析（Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis, SCFA）。換言之，利用上揭探索性因素分析結果，提出本研究期望驗證之特定結構模型，同時進一步整合成為完整的結構方程模型。最後利用跨群因素恆等性分析，檢驗跨群因素結構之穩定性，並且估計跨群平均數結構模型之差異情形。實證結果顯示，知識經濟指標之總體構念模型，以企業經營環境、創新系統、人力資源發展、資訊通訊科技最具關鍵影響力。另外根據投入產出模型分析，人力資源系統與資訊通訊科技，對於創新系統皆具顯著影響力，其中人力資源系統更具正面影響效果。而企業經營環境則是直接影響績效指標，不過效果最低；若對績效指標之總效果進行排序，以創新系統影響效果最大，其次是人力資源系統、資訊通訊科技以及企業經營環境。至於跨群因素恆等性之檢定結果，透過相同因素結構模型，衡量高低知識群是一個可以接受的方式；而在跨群平均數結構檢定方面，增加平均數以及截距向量之後，整體模型之配適度反而提昇，並且未改變原來CFA之模型結構。
綜合言之，本研究對於未來建構更趨完善之知識經濟指標深具參考價值。不過由於本研究屬於橫斷面研究，後續或可就特定群集進行長期深入之縱斷面分析。相信對於未來掌握知識經濟指標之構念發展必有相當的助益。此外，本研究拮取相對完整的WDI資料，同時綜合APEC、OECD與WB指標作為研究基礎，不過由於各國及相關機構發展之衡量指標各有擅場，並且目前無任何一套指標體系，可以完全涵蓋知識經濟之所有特質，特別是知識經濟本身隨著世界潮流演變，因此本研究分析上揭指標，旨在建構一套足以捕捉知識經濟發展構面，反應經濟結構變遷之先期指標，以提供各界作為即時調整策略因應之參考，未來若要更深入掌握知識經濟之發展脈絡，仍應利用不同的理論與工具持續深入研究。
This dissertation contains two essays on the Knowledge-Based Economy （KBE） assessment. The first essay declared that KBE is recently important issue of global competition. But numerous world KBE Scorecards （APEC, OECD and World Bank） still retain differences in terms of country ranking. Are indicators chosen by above reports reflective of real KBE competitiveness? How can we reconcile the differences? We need to re-examine all KBE reports through construct validation（i.e. convergent and discriminant validities） and reliability testing. The purpose of this study is to apply confirmatory factor analysis （CFA） to decompose variations in KBE assessment into three sources: variation due to “ methods” （i.e. sources of reports）, variation due to “traits” （i.e. indicators of KBE）, and pure random errors. The analytical results have indicated that modified KBE assessment methodology makes it easy for our national efforts toward upgrading international competitiveness to find their exact focus.
The second essay proposes to investigate the construct model of KBE assessment. The data source is 2002 World Development Indicators CD-Rom published by the World Bank. The World Bank Report has indicated that KBE construct model consists of five parts: economic incentive and institutional regime, innovation system, education and human resources, information infrastructure, and performance indicators. Utilizing the method of exploratory factor analysis, we extract some important factors characterizing KBE, a high order confirmatory factor analysis and cross-group invariance test of KBE is then conducted. Finally, this study concludes that, in order to construct the model of KBE, one need to look into the essentiality of innovation system, education and human resources, information infrastructure factors together. The cross group factor invariance analysis and mean structure test. It is found that the factor structure of higher KBE cluster is similar to the lower KBE cluster, but better than in average performanc
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