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題名:侵入竊盜犯目標選擇之研究
作者:莊忠進
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:沈勝昂
周愫嫻
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:侵入竊盜理性選擇目標選擇可接近性
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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中文摘要
本研究旨在探討侵入竊盜犯如何選擇犯罪標的。研究資料來自訪談兩位已經金盆洗手的慣竊,並由他們分別帶研究者到台北市與花蓮實地說明犯罪當時的想法、訪問兩位優秀的刑事警察、訪談三十四位監所服刑或接受處分的侵入竊盜犯、分析四十六位侵入竊盜受刑人與受處分人檔案。研究發現:侵入竊盜犯可分成方便取向、折衷取向與利益取向三類。愈是方便取向者愈傾向以隨機或隨興的方式,發現與侵入具有弱點因素的目標,犯罪動機在於滿足毒癮以及基本生活開銷與享受;愈是利益取向者愈傾向以刻意或計畫的方式,選擇與侵入預期可以得到一定程度利益的目標。犯罪目的在於滿足毒癮、高度感官刺激或生活享受。
具有弱點因素或吸引條件的居住場所,剛好位在意圖犯罪者活動或可抵達的地區,就有可能成為合適的犯罪目標。影響犯罪地區選擇的因素,分別是地緣關係、好兔不吃窩邊草的禁忌、犯罪者行動能力、目標類型與分布以及地區防衛能力。愈是方便取向者愈受地緣關係的影響,愈是利益取向者愈受目標分佈的影響,愈會在或到特定地區犯罪,地區選擇同時受到個人的活動能力與道路通達性的影響。除了他人告知、循線知悉或尋找特別值得的目標外,侵入竊盜犯都是在白天或夜晚來回的地區作案。
除了本身的犯罪能力外,影響特定居住場所成為犯罪目標的因素,分別是犯罪者的動機、是否吸毒、有無共犯、尋找目標方式、個人習慣與偏好、目標接近可能性、目標侵入可能性、作案之際被發現、檢舉或逮捕可能性,以及目標內是否有人的影響。對於目標接近、侵入以及被發現檢舉或逮捕可能性,本研究同時以具體照片舉例說明。宏觀來說,如果居住環境人口數量愈多、生活空間愈狹隘、人際關係愈疏離、社區意識薄弱、居住場所愈缺乏明確的領域界線,犯罪目標選擇愈在乎侵入可能性,而愈不受接近性的影響。
就侵入竊盜犯的思維來說,目標選擇係在風險管控下,依據成本效益進行取捨的行為。愈是方便取向的侵入竊盜犯,愈傾向在低風險、低利益的情況下選擇目標。愈是利益取向的侵入竊盜犯,在選擇目標時,愈有能力或意願去承擔風險,以獲取更好的利益。本研究同時建構兩種模式,以更簡潔、概化的方式,呈現侵入竊盜犯目標選擇的思維歷程。
本研究同時驗證犯罪學相關理論。對國內外研究進行比較。擬定住宅防竊安全檢測報告表修正意見;並對如何防範侵入竊盜提出具體建議。
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