王鶴森 (2001)。月經週期對換氣閾值及運動時生理反應的影響。體育學報,31, 229-238。
Ahima, R. S., & Flier, J. S. (2000). Adipose tissue as an
endocrine organ. Trends in Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 11(8), 327-332.
Ahmed, M.L., Morrell, D., Ong, K., Drayer, N., Perry, L.,
Preece, M. A., et al. (1999). Longitudinal study of
leptin concentrations during puberty: sex differences
and relationship to change in body composition. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84
(3), 899-905.
Aoyagi, Y., McLellan, T. M., & Shephard, R. J. (1997).
Interactions of physical training and heat
acclimation. Sports Medicine, 23(3), 173-210.
Auwerx, J., & Staels, B. (1998). Leptin. The Lancet, 351,
737-742.
Birch﹐K.M., & Reilly, T.(1997).The effect of
eumenorrheic menstrual cycle phase on physiological
responses to a repeated lifting task. Canadian
Journal of Applied Physiology﹐22(2), 148-160.
Broglio, F., Gottero, C., Arvat, E., & Ghigo, E. (2003).
Endocrine and non-endocrine actions of ghrelin.
Hormone Research, 59(3), 109-117.
Caixas, A., Bashore, C., Nash, W., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., &
Laferrere, B. (2002). Insulin, unlike food intake,
does not suppress ghrelin in human subjects. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87
(4), 1902-1906.
Caprio, M., Fabbrini, E., Isidori, A. M., Aversa, A., &
Fabbri, A. (2001). Leptin in reproduction. Trends in
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12(2), 65–72.
Cella, F., Giordano, G., & Cordera, R. (2000). Serum leptin
concentrations during the menstrual cycle in normal-
weight women: effects of an oral triphasic estrogen-
progestin medication. European Journal of
Endocrinology, 142, 174-178.
Chan, J. L., Bullen, J., Lee, J. H., Yiannakouris, N., &
Mantzoros, C. S. (2004) Ghrelin levels are not
regulated by recombinant leptin administration and/or
three days of fasting in healthy subjects. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89
(1), 335-343.
Considine, R. V., Sinha, M. K., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas,
A., Stephens, T. W., Nyce, M. R., et al. (1996).
Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-
weight and obese humans. The New England Journal of
Medicine, 334(5), 292–295.
Cummings, D.E., Purnell, J.Q., Frayo, R.S., Schmidova, K.,
Wisse, B.E., & Weigle, D.S. (2001). A preprandial
rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal
initiation in humans, Diabetes, 50(8), 1714-1719.
Cummings, D.E., Weigle, D.S., Frayo, R.S., Breen, P.A., Ma,
M.K., Dellinger, E.P., et al. (2002). Plasma ghrelin
levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric
bypass surgery. The New England Journal of Medicine,
346(21), 1623-1630.
Date, Y., Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Sawaguchi, A., Mondal,
M.S., Suganuma, T., et al.. (2000). Ghrelin, a novel
growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is
synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the
gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans.
Endocrinology, 141(11), 4255-4261.
De-Souza, M.J., Leidy, H., O’Donnell, E., Lasley, B., &
Williams, N.I. (2004). Fasting ghrelin levels in
physically active women: relationship with menstrual
disturbances and metabolic hormones. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 89(7), 3536-
3542.
Desgorces, F. D., Chennaoui, M., Gomez-Merino, D.,
Drogou,C., & Guezennec, C. Y. (2004). Leptin response
to acute prolonged exercise after training in rowers.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91, 677-681.
Dzaja, A., Dalal, M.A., Himmerich, H., Uhr. M., Pollmacher,
T., & Schuld, A. (2004). Sleep enhances nocturnal
plasma ghrelin levels in healthy subjects. American
Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism,
286(6), E963-967.
Egido, E. M., Rodriguez-Gallardo, J., Silvestre, R. A., &
Marco, J. (2002). Inhibitor effect of ghrelin on
insulin and pancreatic somatostation secretion.
European Journal of Endocrinology, 146, 241-244.
Elias, A. N., Pandian, M. R., Wang, L., Suarez, E., James,
N., & Wilson, A. F. (2000). Leptin and IGF-I levels
in unconditioned male volunteers after short-term
exercise. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25(5), 453-461.
Fernandez-Fernandez, R., Martini, A.C., Navarro,
V.M., Castellano, J.M., Dieguez, C., Aguilar, E. et al.
(2006). Novel signals for the integration of energy
balance and reproduction. Molecular and Cellular
Endocrinology, in press.
Fernandez-Fernandez, R., Tena-Sempere, M., Aguilar, E., &
Pinilla, L. (2005). Ghrelin effects on gonadotropin
secretion in male and female rats. Neuroscience
Letters, 362(2), 103-107.
Flanagan, D. E., Evans, M. L., Monsod, T. P., Rife, F.,
Heptulla, R. A., Tamborlane, W. V., et al. (2003).
The influence of insulin on circulating ghrelin.
American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 284, E313-316.
Foster-Schubert, K.E., McTiernan, A., Frayo, R.S.,
Schwartz, R.S., Rajan, K.B., Yasui, Y., et al.
(2005). Human plasma ghrelin levels increases during
a one-year exercise program. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90(2), 820-825.
Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998). Leptin and the
regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature, 395
(22), 763-770.
Geisthövel, F., Jochmann, N., Widjaja, A., Horn, R., &
Brabant, G. (2004). Serum pattern of circulating free
leptin, bound leptin, and soluble leptin receptor in
the physiological menstrual cycle. Fertility and
Sterility, 81(2), 398-402
Greenman, Y, Golani, N., Gilad, S., Yaron, M., Limor, R., &
Stern, N. (2004). Ghrelin secretion is modulated in a
nutrient- and gender-specific manner. Clinical
Endocrinology, 60(3), 382-388.
Havel, P. J., Kasim-Karakas, S., Mueller, W., Johnson, P.
R., Gingerich, R. L., & Stern, J. S. (1996).
Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and
adiposity in normal weight and overweight women:
Effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight
loss. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 81(12), 4406-4413.
Hilton, L. K., & Loucks, A. B. (2000). Low energy
availability, not exercise stress, suppresses the
diurnal rhythm of leptin in healthy young women.
American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 278(1), E43-49.
Huda, M. S. B., Wilding, J. P. H., & Pinkney, J. H. (2006).
Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite. Obesity
Reviews, 7, 163-182.
Iglesias, M.J., Pineiro, R., Blanco, M., Gallego, R.,
Dieguez, C., Gualillo, O., et al. (2004). Growth
hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized
and secreted by cardiomyocytes. Cardiovascular
Research, 62(3), 442-443.
Inui, A., Asakawa, A., Bowers, C.Y., Mantovani, G.,
Laviano, A. Meguid, M.M., et al. (2004). Ghrelin,
appetite, and gastric motility: the emerging role of
the stomach as an endocrine organ. The FASEB Journal,
18, 439-456.
Jürimäe, J., & Jürimäe, T. (2005). Leptin responses to
short term exercise in college level male rowers.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 6-9.
Keller, P., Keller, C., Steensberg, A., Robinson, L. E., &
Pedersen, B. K. (2005). Leptin gene expression and
systemic levels in healthy men: Effect of exercise,
carbohydrate, interleukin-6, and epinephrine. Journal
of Applied Physiology, 98, 1805-1812.
Kellokoski, E., Poykko, S.M., Karjalainen, A.H., Ukkola,
O., Heikkinen, J., Kesaniemi, Y.A., et al. (2005).
Estrogen replacement therapy increases plasma ghrelin
levels. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 90(5), 2954-2963.
Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H.,
& Kangawa, K. (1999). Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-
releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402,
656-660.
Kraemer, R. R., Chu, H., & Castracane, V. D. (2002). Leptin
and exercise. Experimental Biology and Medicine 227,
701-708.
Kraemer, R.R., Durand, R.J., Acevedo, E.O., Johnson, L.G.,
Kraemer, G.R., Hebert, E.P., et al. (2004a). Rigorous
running increases growth hormone and insulin-like
growth factor-1 without altering ghrelin.
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 229, 240-246.
Kraemer, R.R., Durand, R.J., Hollander, D.B., Tryniecki,
J.L., Hebert, E.P., & Castracane, V.D. (2004b).
Ghrelin and other glucoregulatory hormone responses
to eccentric and concentric muscle contractions.
Endocrine, 24(1), 93-98.
Kyriazis, G., Lowndes, J., Kaplan, J., Carpenter, R. L.,
Peel, J. B., & Angelopoulos, T.J. (2005). An acute
bout of typical aerobic exercise does not alter
circulating leptin levels in the obese. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5), S269.
Leidy, H.J., Gardner, J.K., Frye, B.R., Snook, M.L.,
Schuchert, M.K., Richard, E.L., et al. (2004).
Circulating ghrelin is sensitive to change in body
weight during a diet and exercise program in normal-
weight young women. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(6), 2659-2664.
Licinio, J., Negrao, A. B., Mantzoros, C., Kaklamani, V.,
Wong, M. L., Bongiorno, P. B., et al. (1998). Sex
differences in circulating human leptin pulse
amplitude: clinical implications. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(11), 4140-
4147.
Lin, C. L., Wu, C. H., Chang, F., Hong, M. K., Chang, H.
W., Yang, J. G.., et al. (2003). Exogenous estrogen
stimulates the increase of circulating leptin in
normal cyclic women. Changhua Journal of Medicine, 8
(4), 211-216.
Lin, C. L. (2004). Changes of circulating leptin in
reproductive-age women with normal menstrual cycles:
relationship to estradiol and progesterone. Changhua
Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 18-21.
Ludwig, M., Klein, H. H., Diedrich, K., & Ortmann, O.
(2000). Serum leptin concentrations throughout the
menstrual cycle. Archives of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, 263, 99-101.
Malik, I. A., English, P. J., Ghatei, M. A., Bloom, S. R.,
MacFarlane, I. A., & Wilding, J. P. H., (2004). The
relationship of ghrelin to biochemical and
anthropometric markers of adult growth hormone
deficiency. Clinical Endocrinology, 60(1), 137-141.
Mantzoros, C., Flier, J.S., Lesem, M.D., Brewerton, T.D., &
Jimerson, D.C. (1997). Cerebrospinal fluid leptin in
anorexia nervosa: correlation with nutritional status
and potential role in resistance to weight gain. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 82
(6), 1845-1851.
Matsuo, T., Saitoh, S., & Suzuki, M. (1999). Effects of the
menstrual cycle on excess postexercise oxygen
consumption in healthy young women. Metabolism, 48
(3), 275-277.
Monteleone, P., Bencivenga, R., Longobardi, N., Serritella,
C., & Maj, M. (2003). Differential responses of
circulating ghrelin to high-fat or high-carbohydrate
meal in healthy women. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(11), 5510-5514.
Moschos, S., Chan, J. L., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2002). Leptin
and reproduction: a review. Fertility and Sterility,
77(3), 433-444.
Ozcelik, O., Celik, H., Ayar, A., Serhatlioglu, S., &
Kelestimur, H. (2004). Investigation of the influence
of training status on the relationship between the
acute exercise and serum leptin levels in obese
females. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 25(5), 381-385.
Paolisso, G..; Rizzo, M..R.;.Mazziotti, G..; Rotondi, M.;
Tagliamonte, M. R., Varricchio, G..; et al. (1999).
Lack of association between changes in plasma leptin
concentration and in food intake during the menstrual
cycle. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 29
(6), 490-495.
Pivarnik﹐J.M .﹐Marichal﹐C.J.﹐Spillman,T., & Morrow ﹐
J .R.(1992).Menstrual cycle phase affects
temperature regulation during endurance exercise.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 72(2), 543-548.
Quinton, N. D., Laird, S. M., Okon, M. A., Li, T. C., Smith, R. F., Ross, R. J., et al. (1999). Serum leptin
levels during the menstrual cycle of healthy fertile
women. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 56, 16-
19.
Redman, L.M., Scroop, G.C., & Norman, R.J. (2003). Impact
of menstrual cycle phase on the exercise status of
young, sedentary women. European Journal of Applied
Physiology, 90, 505-513.
Riad-Gabriel, M. G., Jinagouda, S. D., Sharma, A.,
Boyadjian, R., & Saad, M. F. (1998). Changes in
plasma leptin during the menstrual cycle. European
Journal of Endocrinology, 139, 528-531.
Rosenbaum, M., Nicolson, M., Hirsch, J., Heymsfield, S. B.,
Gallagher, D., Chu, F., et al. (1996). Effects of
gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma
concentrations of leptin. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism, 81, 3424–3427.
Rouru, J., Anttila, L., Koskinen, P., Penttila, T. Irjala,
K., Huupponen, R., et al. (1997). Serum leptin
concentrations in women with polycystic ovary
syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism, 82(6), 1697–1700.
Saad, M. F., Damani, S., Gingerich, R.L., Riad-Gabriel M.
G., Khan, A., Boyadjian, R., et al. (1997). Sexual
dimorphism in plasma leptin concentration. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 82,
579-584.
Sahu, A. (2003). Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus:
emphasis on energy homeostasis and leptin resistance.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 24(4), 225-253.
Schmidt, A., Maier, C., Schaller, G., Nowotny, P., Bayerle-
Eder, M., Buranyi, B., et al. (2004). Acute exercise
has no effect on ghrelin plasma concentrations.
Hormone and Metabolic Research, 36(3), 174-177.
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte Jr, D., Seeley, R. J.,
& Baskin, D. G. (2000). Central nervous system
control of food intake. Nature, 404, 661-671.
Shiiya, T., Nakazato, M., Mizuta, M., Date, Y., Mondal, M.
S., Tanaka, M., et al. (2002). Plasma ghrelin levels
in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on
ghrelin secretion. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87(1), 240-244.
Soriano-Guillen, L., Barrios, V., Lechuga-Sancho, A.,
Chowen, J. A., & Argente, J. (2004a). Response of
circulating ghrelin levels to insulin threapy in
children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
mellitus. Pediatric Research, 55(5), 830-835.
Soriano-Guillen, L., Barrios, V., Chowen, J. A., Sanchez,
I., Vila, S., Quero, J., et al. (2004b). Ghrelin
levels from fetal life through early adulthood:
relationship with endocrine and metabolic and
anthropometric measures. The Journal of Pediatrics,
144(1), 30-35.
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E.
(2004). Short sleep duration is associated with
reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body
mass index. PLoS Medicine, 1(3), 210-217.
Teirmaa, T., Luukkaa, V., Rouru, J., Koulu, M., &
Huupponen, R. (1998). Correlation between circulating
leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual
cycle in normal-weight women. European Journal of
Endocrinology, 139, 190-194.
Tolle, V., Kadem, M., Bluet-Pajot, M. T., Frere, D.,
Foulon, C., Bossu, C., et al. (2003). Balance in
ghrelin and leptin plasma levels in anorexia nervosa
patients and constitutionally thin women. The Journal
of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88, 109-116.
Tschop, M., Smiley, D.L., & Heiman, M.L. (2000). Ghrelin
induces adiposity in rodents. Nature, 407, 908-913.
Tschop, M., Weyer, C., Tataranni, P.A., Devanarayan, V.,
Ravussin, E., & Heiman, M.L. (2001) Circulating
ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity
Diabetes, 50,707-709.
Tuominen, J. A., Ebeling, P., Laquier, F. W., Heiman, M.
L., Stephens, T., & Koivisto, V. A. (1997). Serum
leptin concentration and fuel homeostasis. European
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 27, 206-211.
Weikel, J.C., Wichniak, A., Ising, M., Brunner, H., Friess,
E., Held, K., (2003). Ghrelin promotes slow-wave
sleep in humans. American Journal of Physiology:
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 284(2), E407-415.
Weltman, A., Pritzlaff, C. J., Wideman, L., Considine, R.
V., Fryburg, D. A., Gutgesell, M. E., et al. (2000).
Intensity of acute exercise does not affect serum
leptin concentrations in young men. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(9), 1556-1561.
Wuorinen, E.C., Lin, P.J., Burant, C., & Borer,.K.T.
(2004). Exercise-induced ghrelin secretion is
associated with increased lipolysis. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), S140.
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold,
L., & Friedman, J.M. (1994). Positional cloning of
the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature,
372, 425-432.
Zhang, Y., Ren, P. G., Avsian-Kretchmer, O., Luo, C. W.,
Rauch, R., Klein, C., et al. (2005). Obestatin, a
peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes
ghrelin’s effects on food intake. Science, 310, 996-
999.
Zoladz, J.A., Konturek, S.J., Duda, K., Majerczak, J.,
Sliwowski, Z., Grandys, M., et al. (2005). Effect of
moderate incremental exercise, performed in fed and
fasted state on cardio-respiratory variables and
leptin and ghrelin concentrations in young healthy
men. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(1),
63-85.