臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：聽力損失兒童的視聽語音知覺表現及其相關因素的探討
作者：楊惠美
作者(外文)：Hui-Mei Yang
校院名稱：國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：特殊教育學系
指導教授：陳小娟
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2008
主題關鍵詞：視聽語音知覺；讀話；追述法；人工耳蝸；助聽器；聽力損失兒童；audiovisual speech perception；speechreading；continuous discourse tracking；cochlear implantation；hearing aids；hearing impaired children
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:24
視聽語音知覺是溝通歷程的自然行為，不僅可以促進聽力損失者的溝通能力，而且可以增進在噪音環境的訊息處理能力。本研究的主要目的在瞭解學齡階段聽力損失兒童的視聽語音知覺表現及其相關影響因素。以自編的讀話辨識測驗和短文追述測驗，並採用「學齡前兒童語彙毗鄰測驗」和「噪音背景辨識語音測驗」為語音聽知覺能力，「畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗」、「魏氏兒童智力量表」語文智商、及「語文成就測驗」為語文相關能力，及「魏氏智力測驗」的記憶廣度測驗和「構音速率測驗」為認知相關能力，蒐集並評量受試者相關能力的表現。研究對象為23位人工耳蝸植入學童和8位使用助聽器的聽力損失兒童，就讀於國民小學三至六年級普通班。研究設計採不完全受試者內的實驗設計和相關研究法，操弄變項為施測情境和材料類型，測量變項為讀話測驗各種作業的表現，並探討影響視聽語音知覺表現的相關因素。本研究結果分述如下：
（一）讀話辨識測驗的傳統試題分析結果顯示測驗難度適中，平均鑑別度佳，內部一致性高。在單參數項目分析中，單音節作業的難度最高，雙字詞作業次之，語句作業最低。在單音節和雙字詞作業的高出現率和低出現率語詞表現具有顯著差異，但語句作業的有意義和無意義語句表現則無難度差異，這與測量模式的驗證性因素分析結果一致。而且各個作業中表單的難度參數並無顯著差異、且相關性高，顯示各個表單的難度相當，具有複本信度。
（二）短文追述測驗運用的測量向度，包含反應正確率、反應時間、追述速率、及策略使用次數，皆可有效反映聽力損失兒童在連續短文的語音知覺歷程。但施測情境對追述表現的影響並不一致，測驗內容的文體、及文章所屬的學科和年級會影響作業難度，聽力損失兒童在敘述文的表現優於說明文，自然學科和高年級測驗內容的表現較差。
（三）聽力損失兒童在視聽情境表現皆比聽覺情境佳，且其視覺增益皆為正值，顯示視覺線索有助於聽力損失兒童的視聽語音知覺表現。施測情境（聽覺和視聽情境）、材料類型（高出現和低出現語詞，或有意義和無意義語句）、及作業種類（單音節、雙字詞、及語句作業）對視聽語音知覺表現的影響，兩兩之間會有交互作用（p<.05），顯示視聽情境的視覺線索有助於讀話辨識測驗三種作業和兩種施測材料的表現，而且材料類型的語詞熟悉度和語句脈絡線索也有助於視聽語音知覺表現，在缺乏視覺線索的聽覺情境和語詞熟悉度的低出現語詞會使得單音節和雙字詞作業表現差距變小。
（四）聽力損失兒童的語音聽知覺能力約在中等程度，詞彙和語文智商表現和同年齡聽力正常兒童相當，但工作記憶表現則較為落後。各種語文測驗呈現顯著正相關，語文相關能力和工作記憶呈現正相關，而與構音速率呈現負相關，且工作記憶與構音速率亦呈現負相關，顯示各種語文相關測驗之間具有顯著關聯性。
（五）聽力損失兒童的視聽語音知覺表現並不受性別和就讀年級的影響，但會受到聽覺輔具的影響，人工耳蝸學童的表現大於助聽器學童，而且人工耳蝸植入年齡愈小和使用時間愈長皆有助於視聽語音知覺表現。受試者輔具配戴年齡可有效預測視聽語音知覺表現，對單音節、雙字詞、及語句作業的解釋量分別為25.3%、22.1%、及15.5%。語詞辨識和語文智商能力可以預測單音節作業，其解釋量為74.2%和6%（合計為80.2%）；語詞辨識和詞彙能力可以預測雙字詞作業，其解釋量為71.1%和11.7%（合計為82.8%）；而噪音背景辨識語音測驗和詞彙能力可預測語句作業，其解釋量為61.9和15.5%（合計為77.4%）。
綜合各項研究結果可以發現聽力損失兒童在視聽情境表現皆比聽覺情境佳，且其視覺增益皆為正值，視聽語音知覺表現和語音聽知覺能力、語文相關能力、及工作記憶能力有顯著相關。顯然愈早發現聽力損失問題並開始使用聽覺輔具，可以增進聽力損失兒童的視聽語音知覺表現，而且提升其語音聽知覺能力和語文相關能力，增進個體語詞和語句的視聽語音知覺表現，促進整體溝通效能。
The purposes of this study were to investigate the audiovisual performance of hearing impaired children and the relationship of audiovisual performance with its related factors. There were 31 mainstreamed primary school children, 23 received cochlear and 8 used hearing-aids, with severe or profound hearing loss enrolled in the study. Subjects identified spoken words and paragraphs presented in auditory-only and audiovisual conditions. Seven additional measures ( lexical neighborhood test, speech perception in noise, Peabody picture vocabulary test, verbal intelligence quotation, reading achievement test, reading achievement test, and articulation speed test) were used to assess speech perception, language and cognition abilities. Results indicated that subjects’ audiovisual performance would be better under more familiar words as well as meaningful sentences. All of the subjects received benefit from audiovisual condition as compared to auditory-only condition. Audiovisual performance was found to be strongly correlated with several measures in speech perception, vocabulary, and language. Results also suggested close links exist among audiovisual skills, speech perception, vocabulary, and language abilities. There was a common underlying language basis for audiovisual enhancement effects. The implications and suggestions of this study for future research were discussed.
中文文獻
行政院國家科學委員會特殊教育工作小組 (民88)。「工作記憶測驗」施測說明。台北市：曾世杰。
行政院國家科學委員會特殊教育工作小組 (民88)。國民中小學國語文成就測驗指導手冊。台北市：洪碧霞、邱上真、葉千綺、林素微、張漢評、方金雅、王惠川、翁麗雅、黃美秀、葉峰男。
李芃娟 (民93)。視素在讀話教學上的應用。國小特殊教育，37，31-38。new window
吳俊良 (民94)。聽語障口手語溝通輔助科技之研發、教育訓練與評量：子計畫(三)聽語障兒童口語教學資料庫之編製與電腦輔助教學系統之建立。國家科學委員會研究第一年結案報告，未出版。
吳裕益 (民93)。項目反應理論。高雄師範大學特殊教育研究所，線性結構模式上課講義，未出版，高雄市。
吳裕益 (民95)。線性結構模式的理論與應用。高雄師範大學特殊教育研究所，線性結構模式上課講義，未出版，高雄市。
吳裕益、邱上真、陳小娟、曾進興、陳振宇、謝淑蘭、成戎珠、黃朝慶、洪碧霞、櫻井正二郎 (民86)。兒童認知功能綜合測驗之編製。特殊教育研究學刊，15，63-81。new window
周裕欽 (民91)。不同類型的工作記憶與中文閱讀理解的相關研究。花蓮師院學報，14，123-142。new window
林晏君、楊惠美、吳俊良 (民92)。人工耳蝸植入年齡對兒童詞彙能力發展的影響。台耳醫誌，38 (1)，1-5。
柯華葳、李俊仁 (民85)。國小低年級學生語音覺識能力與認字能力的發展：一個縱貫的研究。國立中正大學學報(社會科學分冊)，7(1)，49-66。
陳小娟 (民80)。重度與極重度聽障學童讀話與相關因素之研究。特殊教育與復健學報，1，79-94。new window
陳小娟 (民80)。聽力正常大學生讀話所觀察到的聲母視素。初等教育學報，4，149-170。new window
陳小娟 (民81)。聽力正常大學生讀話所觀察到的韻母視素。初等教育學報，5，179-202。new window
陳小娟 (民81)。追述法在聽覺障礙學生語言接受力之評量與訓練研究。特殊教育與復健學報，2，1-59。new window
陳小娟 (民88)。三至八歲聽覺障礙兒童語音聽知覺接受力之研究。特殊教育與 復健學報，7，51-78。new window
陳淑麗、曾世杰 (民88)。閱讀障礙學童聲韻能力之研究。特殊教育研究學刊，17，205-225。new window
陳榮華 (民86)。魏氏兒童智力量表第三版(中文版)指導手冊。台北市：中國行為科學社出版。
張蓓莉、蘇芳柳 (民82)。回歸主流國小聽覺障礙學生讀話能力研究。特殊教育研究學刊，9，23-49。new window
張蓓莉、蘇芳柳 (民84)。教師配合聽覺障礙學生讀話需求之研究。特殊教育研究學刊，12，105-126。new window
張蓓莉、蘇芳柳 (民85)。比較國小聽覺障礙學生從不同角度讀話結果之研究。師大學報，41，53-66。new window
陸莉、劉鴻香 (民83)。修訂畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗指導手冊。台北市：心理出版社。
楊惠美、黃啟原、佘永吉、林怡蕙、吳俊良 (民92)。人工耳蝸植入兒童說話清晰度的評量。台耳醫誌，38 (4)，146-152。
楊惠美、吳俊良 (民94)。學齡前兒童中文語彙毗鄰測驗的編製與驗證。台耳醫誌，40(1)，1-12。
錡寶香(民92)。特定性語言障礙兒童口語工作記憶之探討。中華民國特殊教育學會年刊，317-337。
蔡志浩、陳小鵑 (民91)。噪音背景辨識語音測驗編製之研究。特殊教育研究學刊，23，121-140。new window
蘇芳柳 (民80年)。北市國小回歸主流聽覺障礙學生讀話能力及其相關因素之研究。特殊教育研究學刊，7，129-148。new window


英文文獻
Arnold, P., & Kopsel, A. (1996). Lipreading, reading and memory of hearing and hearing-impaired children. Scandinasvian Audiology, 25, 13-20.
Arnold, P., & Hill, F. (2001). Bisensory augmentation: A speechreading advantage when speech is clearly audible and intact. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 339-355.
Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
Baddeley, A., Gathercole, S., & Papano, C. (1998). The phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological Review, 105(1), 158-173.
Barker, B. A., & Tomblin, J.B. (2004 ). Bimodal speech perception in infant hearing aid and cochlear implant users. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery, 130(5), 582-586.
Bergeson, T. R., Pisoni, D. B., & Davis, R. A. (2003). A longitudinal study of audiovisual speech perception by children with hearing loss who have cochlear implants. The Volta Review, 103(4), 347-370.
Bergeson, T. R., Pisoni, D. B., & Davis, R. A. (2005). Development of audiovisual comprehension skills in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing, 26, 149-164.
Bernstein, L. (1989). Computer-based speech training for profoundly hearing-impaired children: Some design considerations. The Volta Review, 91(5), 19-28.
Bernstein, L. E., Auer, E.T., & J. Tucker, P. E. (2001). Enhanced speechreading in deaf adults: Can short-term training/practice close the gap for hearing adults? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(1), 5-18.
Bernstein, L. E., Demorest, M. E., & Tucker, P. E. (2000). Speech perception without hearing. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 233-252.
Bjorn, L., Bjorn, L., & Magnus, L. (2001). Speech-reading of synthetic and natural faces effects of contextual cueing and mode of presentation. Scandinasvian Audiology, 30, 89-94.
Blamey, P.J., Sarant, J.Z., Paatsch, L.E., Barry, J.G., Bow, C.P., Wales, R.J., et al. (2001) Relationships among speech perception, production, language, hearing loss, and age in children with impaired hearing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 264-285.
Boothroyd, A. (1988). Linguistic factors in speechreading. The Volta Review, 90(5), 77-87.
Boothroyd, A., & Eran, O. (1994). Auditory speech perception capacity of child implant users expressed as equivalent hearing loss. The Volta Review, 96(5), 151-168.
Bollard, P., Chute, P., Popp, A., & Parisier, S. (1999). Specific Language Growth in Young Children Using The Clarion Cochlear Implant. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology – Supplement, 108, 119-123.
Brancazio, L. (2004). Lexical influences in audiovisual speech perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30(3), 445-463.
Campell, R. (1988a). Everyday speechreading: Understanding seen speech in action. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 193-167.
Campell, R. (1998b). Speechreading: Advances in understanding its cortical bases and implications for deafness and speech rehabilitation. Scandinavian Audiology, 49, S80-S86.
Chen, T. H., & Massaro, D. W. (2004). Mandarin speech perception by ear and eye follows a universal principle. Perception & Psychophysics, 66(5), 820-836.
Cleary, M., Pisoni, D. B., & Kirk, K. I. (2000). Working memory spans as predictors of spoken word recognition and receptive vocabulary in children with cochlear implants. The Volta Review, 102(4), 259-280.
Dancer, J. E., Davis, P. N., & O’Neil, J. (1987). Word recognition v.s. sentence comprehension on a speechreading task. American Annals of the Deaf, 132(1), 43-45.
Daneman, M., Nemeth, S., Stainton, M, & Huelsmann, K. (1995). Working memory as predictor of reading achievement in orally educated hearing-impaired children. The Volta Review, 97, 225-241.
De Filippo, C. (1988). Tracking for speechreading training. The Volta Review, 90(5), 215-239.
Demorest, M. E., & Bernstein, L. E. (1992). Sources of variability in speechreading sentences: A generalizability analysis. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 876-891.
Dodd, B., & Burnham, D. (1988). Processing speechread information. The Volta Review, 90(5), 45-60.
Eisenberg, L. S., Martinez, A. S., & Boothroyd, A. (2003). Auditory-visual and auditory-only perception of phonetic contrasts in children. The Volta Review, 103(4), 327-346.
Eisenberg, L. S., Martinez, A. S., Holowecky, S. R., & Pogorelsky, S. (2002). Recognition of lexically controlled words and sentences by children with normal hearing and children with cochlear implants. Ear & Hearing, 23, 450-462.
Fagan, M.K., Pisoni, D. B., Horn, D.L., & Dillon, C.M. (2007). Neuropsychological correlations of vocabulary, reading, and working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 7,1-11.
French-St. George, M., & Stoker, R. (1988 ). Speechreading: An Historical Perspective. The Volta Review, 90(5), 17-31.
Gagne, J. P., Dinon, D., & Parsons, J. (1991). An evaluation of CAST: A Computer-aided speechreading training program. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34(1), 213-221.
Garstecki, D. C. (1988). Speechreading with auditory cues. The Volta Review, 90(5),161-177.
Geers, A. (1994). Techniques for assessing auditory speech perception and lipreading enhancement in young deaf chilren. The Volta Review, 96(5), 85-96.
Geers, A., & Brenner, C. (1994). Speech perception results: Audition and lipreading enhancement. The Volta Review, 96(5), 97-108.
Geers, A., Brenner, C., & Davidson, L. (2003). Factors associated with development of speech perception skills in children implanted by age five. Ear and Hearing, 24, 24S-35S.
Geers, A., Nicholas, J. G., & Sedey, A. L. (2003). Language skills of children with early cochlear implantation. Ear and Hearing, 24, 46S-58S.
Green, K. W., Green, W. B., & Holmes, D. W. (1981). Speechreading skills of young normal hearing and deaf children. American Annals of Deaf, 126(5), 505-509.
Grant, K. W., Walden, B. E., & Seitz, P. F. (1998). Auditory-visual speech recognition by hearing-impaired subjects: consonant recognition, sentence recognition, and auditory-visual integration. Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 103(5), 2677-2690.
Hipskind, N. M. (2002). Visual stimuli in communication. In R. L. Schow, & M. A. Nerbonne (Eds.), Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation (pp.139-182). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Ijsseldirk, F. J. (1992). Speechreading performance under different conditions of video image, repetition and speech rate. Journal of Speech, and Hearing Research, 35, 466-471.
Jackson, P.L. (1988). The theoretic minimal unit for visual speech perception: Visemes and coarticulation. The Volta Review, 90(5), 99-115.
Jusczyk, P. W., & Luce, P. A. (2002). Speech perception and spoken word recognition: Past and present. Ear and Hearing, 23, 2-40.
Kirk, K.I. (1995). Assessing Speech Perception in Listeners with Cochlear Implants：The Development of the Lexical Neighborhood Tests. The Volta Review, 100 (2), 63-85.
Kirk, I. K., Diefendorf, A. O., Pisoni, D. B., & Robbins. A. M. (1997). Assessing Speech Perception in Children. In L. L. Mendel, & J.L. Danhauer (Eds.), Audiologic Evaluation and Management and Speech Perception Assessment (pp. 101-132). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
Lahey, M. (1988). Language Disorders and Language Development. New York : Macmillan.
Lachs, L., Pisoni, D. B., & Kirk, K. I. (2001). Use of audiovisual information in speech perception by prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants: A first report. Ear and Hearing, 22, 236-251.
Lesner, S. A. (1988). The talker. The Volta Review, 90(5), 89-98.
Lunner,T. (2003). Cognitive function in relation to hearing aid use. International Journal of Audiology, 42, S49-S58.
Lyxell, B., & Holmberg, I. (2000). Visual speechreading and cognitive performance in hearing-impaired and normal hearing children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(4), 505-18.
Lynch, M.P., Eiler, R.E., & Pero, P. J. (1992). Open-set word identification by an adult with profound hearing impairment: Integration of touch, aided hearing and speechreading. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 443-448.
Matthies, M. L., & Carney, A. E. (1988). A modified speech tracking procedure as a communicative performance measure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31, 394-404.
Massaro, D. W., & Cohen, M. M. (1999). Speech perception in perceivers with hearing loss: Synergy of multiple modalities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 21-41.
Massaro, D. W., & Light, J. (2004). Improving the vocabulary of children with hearing loss. The Volta Review, 104(3), 141-174.
Mendel, L. L., & Danhauer, J.L. (1997). Test Administration and Interpretation. In L. L. Mendel, & J.L. Danhauer (Eds.), Audiologic Evaluation and Management and Speech Perception Assessment (pp. 15-58). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
Montgomery, A. A.,& Demorest, M. E. (1988). Issues and developments in the evaluation of speechreading . The Volta Review, 90(5), 193-214.
Meyer, T., Svirsky, M., Kirk, K., & Miyamoto, R. (1998). Improvements in speech perception by children with profound prelingual hearing loss: Effects of device, communication mode, and chronological age. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 846-858.
Nelson, N. W. (1998). Childhood Language Disorders in Context: Infancy through Adolescence. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Nittrouer, S. (1999). Do temporal processing deficits cause phonological processing problems? Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 42, 925-942.
Nittrouer, S., & Burton, L. T. (2001). The role of early language experience in the development of speech perception and language processing abilities in children with hearing loss. The Volta Review, 103(1), 5-37.
Owens, E., & Raggio, M. (1987). The UCSF tracking procedure for evaluation and training of speech reception by hearing-impaired adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorder, 52, 120-128.
Paulesu, E., Perani, D., Blasi, V., Silani, G., Borghese, N. A., De Giovanni, U., Sensolo, S., & Fazio, F. (2003). A functional-anatomical model for lipreading. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(3), 2005-2013.
Prendergast, S. G.. & Kelly, L. A. (2002). Aural rehab services: survey reports who offers which ones and how often. The Hearing Journal, 55(9), 33-35.
Pisoni, D. B. (2000). Cognitive factors and cochlear implants: Some thoughts on perception, learning, and memory in speech perception. Ear and Hearing, 21, 70-78.
Pisoni, D. B., & Cleary, M. (2003). Measures of working memory span and verbal rehearsal speech in deaf children after cochlear implantation. Ear and Hearing, 24:106S-120S.
Pisoni, D. B., Cleary, M., Geers, A. E., & Tobey, E. A. (2000). Individual differences in effectiveness of cochlear implants in children who are prelingually deaf: New process measures of performance. The Volta Review, 101, 111-164.
Ronnberg, J., Andersson, J., Andersson, U., Johannon, K., Lyxell, B., & Samuelsson, S. (1998). Cognition as a bridge between signal and dialogue: Communication in the hearing impaired and deaf. Scandinavian Audiology, 27, S101-S108.
Ronnberg, J., Samuelsson, E., & Borg, E. (2000). Visual cognitive tests, central auditory function and auditory communication. Scandinavian Audiology, 29, 196-206.
Rosenblum, L. D. (1994). How special is audiovisual speech integration? Current Psychology of Cognition, 13, 110-116.
Rosenblum, L. D. (2005). Primacy of multimodal speech perception. In D. B. Pisoni, & R. E. Remz (Eds.), The Handbook of Speech Perception (pp.51-78). UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Sims, D. G. (1988). Video mthods for speechreading instruction. The Volta Review, 90(5), 273-288.
Slike, S.B., Thornton, N. E., Hobbis, D. H., Kokoska, S.M., & Job, K. A. (1995). The development and analysis of interactive videodisc technology to teach speechreading. American Annals of the Deaf, 140(4), 346-351.
Svirsky, M. A., Robbin, A. M., Kirk, K. I., Pisoni, D. B., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2000). Language development in profoundly deaf children with cochlear implants. Psychological Science, 11, 153-158.
Tomblin, B., Spencer, L., Flock, S., Tyler, R. & Gantz, B. (1999). A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 497-511.
Tuomainen, J., Andersen, T. S., Tiippana, K., & Sams, M. (2005). Audio-visual speech perception is special. Cognition, 96, B13-B22.
Tyler, R. S., Fryauf-Bertschy, H., Kelsay, D. M. R., Gantz, B. J., Woodworth, G.P., & Parkinson, A. (1997). Speech perception by prelingually deaf children using cochlear implants. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 117, 180-187.
Tyler, R. S., Tye-Murray, N., & Lansing, C. R. (1988). Electrical stimulation as an aid to speechreading. Special Issue: New reflections on speechreading. The Volta Review, 90(5),119-148.
Tye-Murray, N. (1998). Foundations of Aural Rehabilitation：Children, Adults, and Their Family Members. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
Tye-Murray, N., Spencer, L., & Woodworth G. G. (1995). Acquisition of speech by children who have prolonged cochlear implant experience. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 327-337.
Tye-Murray, N., & Tyler, R.S., (1988). A critique of continuous discourse tracking as a test procedure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 53, 226-231.new window
Tye-Murray, N., Tyler, R. W., Bong, B., & Nares, T. (1988). Computerized laser videodisc programs for training speechreading and assertive communication behaviors. Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 21, 143-152.
Tzeng, S. J. (2002). Working memory, language production rate, and reading comprehension of Chinese deaf reader. Bulletin of Special Education, 22, 155-169.
Walden, B. E., Grant, K. W., & Cord, M. T. (2001). Effects of amplification and speechreading on consonant recognition by persons with impaired hearing. Ear and Hearing, 22, 333-341.
Watson, C. S. & Kewley-Port, D. (1989). Advances in computer-based speech training: Aids for the profoundly hearing impaired. The Volta Review, 91(5), 29-45.
White, S., Dancer, J., & Burl, N. (1996). Speechreading and speechreading tests: A survey of rehabilitative audiologists. American Annals of the Deaf, 141(3), 236-239.
Wiley, L.T., & Page, A. L. (1997). Summary：Current and future perspectives on speech perception tests. In L. L. Mendel, & J.L. Danhauer (Eds.), Audiologic Evaluation and Management and Speech Perception Assessment (pp.201-210). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.
Wu, J. L., & Yang, H. M. (2003). Speech perception of Mandarin Chinese speaking young children after cochlear implant use: effect of age at implantation. International Journal Pediatric Otolaryngology, 67 (3), 247-253.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (1988). Speechreading instruction for children. The Volta Review, 90(5), 241-259.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：1087（臺灣：1079，外國：8） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1669892 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67475985
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上