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一、英文部分
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51.Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image Formation Process, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(2/3), 191-215.
52.Gartner, W. C. (1996). Tourism Development: Principles, Policies, and Policies. New York, Van Nostram Reinhold.
53.Gartner, W. C., and Hunt, J. D. (1987). An Analysis of State Image Change over a Twelve-Year Period (1971-1983), Journal of Travel Research, 26(2), 15-19.
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57.Grosspietsch, M. (2006). Perceived and Projected Images of Rwanda: Visitor and International Tour Operator Perspectives, Tourism Management, 27, 225-234.
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60.Haahti, A. J. (1986). Finland’s Competitive Position as a Destination, Annals of Tourism Research, 13, 11-35.
61.Han, C. M. (1990). Testing the Role of Country Image in Consumer Choice Behaviour, European Journal of Marketing, 24, 24-40.
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64.Hinch, T. D. (2006). Canadian Sport and Culture in the Tourism Marketplace, Tourism Geographies, 8(1), 15-30.
65.Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y., and Uysal, M. (2006). Destination Image and Destination Personality: An Application of Branding Theories to Tourism Places, Journal of Business Research, 59, 638-642.
66.Hsu, C. H. C., Wolfe, K. and Kang, S. K. (2003). Image Assessment for a Destination with Limited Comparative Advantages, Tourism Management, 25, 121-126.
67.Hughes, H. L., and Allen, D. (2008). Visitor and Non-Visitor Images of Central and Eastern Europe: A Qualitative Analysis, International Journal of Tourism Research, 10, 27-40.
68.Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a Factor in Tourism Development, Journal of Travel Research, 13, 1-7.
69.Jenkins, O. H. (1999). Understanding and Measuring Tourist Destination Images, International Journal of Tourism Research, 1, 1-15.
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71.Kim, H., and Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion Picture Impacts on Destination Images, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237.
72.Kim, S. S., Chun, H., and Petrick, J. F. (2005). Positioning Analysis of Overseas Golf Tour Destinations by Korean Golf Tourists, Tourism Management, 26(6), 905-917.
73.Kleppe, I. A., Lversen, N. M., and Stensaker, I. G. (2002). Country Images in Marketing Strategies: Conceptual Issues and an Empirical Asian Illustration, Journal of Brand Management, 10(1), 61-74.
74.Krieger, A. M. and Green, P. E. (2002). A Decision Support Model for Selecting Product/Service Benefit Positioning, European Journal of Operational Research, 142, 187-202.
75.Lapage, W. F., and Cormier, P. L. (1997). Images of Camping: Barriers to Participation?, Journal of Travel Research, 15(4), 21-25.
76.Leisen, B. (2001). Image Segmentation: The Case of a Tourism Destination, Journal of Services Marketing, 15(1), 49-66.
77.Lin, C. T., and Huang, Y. L. (2009). Mining Tourist Imagery to Construct Destination Image Position Model, Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 2513-2524.
78.Lubbe, B. (1998). Primary Image as a Dimension of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(4), 21-43.
79.Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
80.MacKay, K. J., and Fesenmaier, D. R. (2000). An Exploration of Cross-Cultural Destination Image Assessment, Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 417-423.
81.Mackay, K. J., and Fesenmaier, D. R. (2000). An Exploration of Cross-Cultural Destination Image Assessment, Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 417-423.
82.MacKay, K. J., and Fesenmaier, D. R. (1997). Pictorial Clement of Destination in Image Formation, Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 537-565.
83.Martín, H. S., and Rodríguez del Bosque, I. A. (2008). Exploring the Cognitive-Affective Nature of Destination Image and the Role of Psychological Factors in Its Formation, Tourism Management, 29(2), 263-277.
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85.Milman, A., and Pizam, A. (1995). The Role of Awareness and Familiarity with a Destination: The Central Florida Case, Journal of Travel Research, 33(3), 21-27.
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87.Muller, T. E. (1995). How Personal Values Govern the Post-Visit Attitudes of International Tourists, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 3(2), 3-24.
88.Mykletun, R. J., Crotts, J. C., and Mykletun, A. (2001). Positioning an Island Destination in the Peripheral Area of the Baltics: A Flexible Approach to Market Segmentation, Tourism Management, 22, 493-500.
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90.O’Leary, S., and Deegan, J. (2003). People, Pace, Place: Qualitative and Quantitative Images of Ireland as a Tourism Destination in France, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(3), 213-226.
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92.Oppermann, M. (1996b). Convention Cities: Images and Changing Fortunes, Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(1), 10-19.
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二、中文部分
1.交通部觀光局（1999）。中華民國88年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
2.交通部觀光局（2000）。中華民國89年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
3.交通部觀光局（2001）。中華民國90年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
4.交通部觀光局（2002）。中華民國91年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
5.交通部觀光局（2003）。中華民國92年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
6.交通部觀光局（2004）。中華民國93年來台旅客消費及動向調查報告，台北市：交通部觀光局。
7.施添福（1990）。地理學中的空間觀點。師大地理研究報告，第16期，頁115-137。
8.孫惠民（2007）。資料採掘理論與實務規劃手冊，台北市：文魁資訊。
9.張云濤、龔玲（2007）。資料探勘原理與技術，台北市：五南。
10.張紹勳、張紹評、林秀娟（2002）。SPSS for Windows統計分析－下冊（第四版），台北市：松崗。
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