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題名:歐洲高等教育區之發展─波隆納進程之檢視與評析
作者:周華琪
作者(外文):Chou,Huachi
校院名稱:國立暨南國際大學
系所名稱:國際文教與比較教育學系
指導教授:楊瑩
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:波隆納進程歐洲高等教育區歐盟英國高等教育Bologna ProcessEuropean Higher Education Area (EHEA)European UnionUKHigher Education
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本研究採用文件分析法與比較研究法,旨在對波隆納進程執行績效進行檢視。本研究之目的主要包括:
一、從歐盟相關高等教育政策與方案著手,以了解歐洲高等教育區政策之形成與發展軌跡;
二、藉由檢視歷年波隆納進程績效報告與執行報告,以了解波隆納進程2005年至2012年之執行績效;
三、藉由英國執行波隆納進程成效之檢視,了解個別國家如何實施相關改革措施;
四、根據對波隆納進程進行整體性研究之結果,提出建議以供歐盟與台灣高等教育政策參考。
本研究主要結論可分從三方面摘述:
一、歐洲高等教育區之發展
(一)面對歐洲各國政治、社會、經濟與教育體制之分歧與多元化,為促成歐洲各國間學術之跨國交流,因應歐盟之成立及《波隆納宣言》之簽訂,「建構歐洲高等教育區」之政策油然而生;
(二)發展「歐洲高等教育區」為歐盟高等教育現今最主要之政策;
(三)為建構「歐洲高等教育區」,波隆納進程以社會面向、研究人才的培育、流動、就業力、國際吸引力為執行主軸來進行,並以「績效清查報告」來作為執行績效之檢核;
(四)「歐洲高等教育區」基本架構已備,更多具體細節亟待2020年前完成。
二、波隆納進程歐洲整體之執行成效
(一)波隆納進程執行至今,以「學位體系的進階管道」指標表現最為良好,「外部品質保證的國際化」指標表現最不理想;
(二)在國家執行波隆納進程成效方面,各國之總體表現以丹麥最佳,但不同指標各國表現參差不一;
(三)總體而言,波隆納進程在執行的各個層面上,如何處理「均衡發展」仍是一重大挑戰。
三、英國執行波隆納進程成效
(一)英國在「學位體系」指標類別表現最佳,已建構完成符合波隆納進程的二層級學位體系;
(二)英國在「品質保證」指標類別表現仍有進步的空間,在國際參與層面更宜加強;
(三)英國在「認可」指標類別表現佳,已有制度化的運作。
Through the document analysis and comparative method, this research attempted to review the performance of Bologna Process, and to understand the development of European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In order to know the specific European country how to carry out the Bologna Process, this research is chosen UK to review its results of Bologna Process. The conclusions of this research as follows:
1.Bologna Process is the most important policy of higher education in EU, the main purpose of Bologna Process is to establish the EHEA by different action lines of social dimension, mobility, employability and attractiveness. According to the latest Bologna Process implement report, which shows the framework of EHEA are basically completed, but still need to accomplish the details of action lines before 2020.
2.According to Bologna Process implement report, the best performance of the indicator in Bologna Process is “Access to the next cycle”, and the worst is “Level of international participation in external quality assurance”. Although some countries have outstanding performance in implement of Bologna Process like Denmark, basically countries’ performance of Bologna Process are uneven. How to reduce the gap between high scored and low scored countries in Bologna Process’s indicators would be the major challenge in future.
3.According to Bologna Process stocktaking and implement report for past years, the best performance of UK in Bologna Process indicator category is “Degree systems”, and the worst is “Quality assurance”. UK needs to improve the level of international participation in external quality assurance.
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