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題名：醫院門診空間認知特徵及指引地圖系統建構
作者：林怡先 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yi-Hsien Lin
校院名稱：國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：地理學系
指導教授：林明璋
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：空間型構法則；尋路行為；空間認知；尋路行為量表；指引地圖；space syntax；wayfinding behavior；spatial cognition；wayfinding questionnaire-short form；guiding map
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指引地圖主要功能，是提供空間使用者，在尋路過程中所需的空間資訊，目的在於強調尋路所需內容資訊，而非精確展現空間分佈，設計上不同於傳統地圖，指引地圖注重主題內容的表達，和個人意義的詮釋，因此指引地圖的設計者必需同時具備發現和解決空間問題的能力，除了一般地圖設計所需考量因素，更需考量地圖和實體空間之間的對應，避免讓使用者產生錯誤的空間認知。本研究即透過空間型構法則、尋路行為施測、尋路行為量表分析三方面著手，對空間使用者在尋路過程中所遭遇的空間問題，以及解決方案進行瞭解。
透過空間型構法則，本研究得知，樣區空間具有視覺滲透度低、不易掌握空間結構規律，以及對整體空間動線不易理解的特性，因此民眾容易發生空間問題，並由空間型構法則所得結論，選定耳鼻喉科門診區作為尋路目的地。經由尋路行為施測，發現受測者接受空間資訊不足，且具有對地標決策點路徑選取特質。為進一步瞭解受測者深層的空間認知概念，由受測者認知地圖可發現，受測者無法理解整體空間，且無法正確表示樣區距離比例，此外受測者能夠正確安排樣區地標的出現順序，顯示受測者將地標視為尋路行為的重要判別依據。而為對認知地圖有進一步驗證，本研究亦透過尋路行為量表，將受測者的空間認知概念予以量化，並發現受測者無法有效判斷樣區出發點到目的地的距離，信任地圖程度明顯高過自身方向感，且能根據指引地圖抵達目的地。
指引地圖是一種具有明顯目的性和功能性的地圖，透過空間型構法則、尋路行為施測、尋路行為量表分析及相互驗證，能在短時間內，達到改善空間指引的效果。由實驗結果可知，本研究樣區指引地圖，需依循指引地圖設計基本要點。考量不同地區所具備特性，在容易發生尋路行為區域，將該地區所具備的特殊地標，在指引地圖上予以呈現。此外，由於本樣區空間結構，具有不易為尋路者產生全面認識特性，為方便尋路者判斷各點距離以及新舊大樓位置，地圖上應標示新舊大樓方向，且標示地圖比例尺，幫助閱讀者判斷目的地距離。
Guiding map possesses apparent purpose and function. Through space syntax, wayfinding surveying, wayfinding questionnaire-short form analysis and mutual authentication, the spatial guide system can be improved in a short time.
From the experimental results, this research concluded that guiding map in the research area needs to follow the basic rule of guiding map design elements. That also includes taking different characteristics in different regions into consideration, and the particular landmarks in the area that the spatial problems often occur must be faithfully represented. This research adapts space syntax, wayfinding experiment and wayfinding questionnaire short-form to understand what spatial problems that people would face, and which solution they would choose in such particular space.
Through the study on the space syntax, we concluded that the research area’s visual penetration is low and the rule of spatial structure is difficult to grasp, also the overall spatial routes is hard to understand. In other words, the research area’s spatial structure is not easy for people to generate a comprehensive understanding. In order to help people to judge the distance and position of the old and new buildings, old buildings should be marked on the map and the map should have the scale of distance clearly labeled. Before all that can be done, people are prone to spatial issues.
And this is exactly what happened during the experiment. With the results of the space syntax analysis, this research uses a certain otorhinolaryngology clinic out-patient area as the destination for the wayfinding experiment. Through wayfinding survey, we found the subjects received insufficient spatial information, and the subjects are using decision-point landmark to decide which route they would take. Then, looking further into the subjects’ deep spatial cognition, through the subjects' cognitive maps, we found that the subjects failed to comprehend neither the spatial arrangements of the area nor the distance scale involved. But, the subjects can drawn the landmarks in sequence correctly. The result showed that the subjects would use landmarks as an important basis in their wayfinding behavior. For further verification on the cognitive map, this study also adapted wayfinding behavior scale to quantify the subject's spatial cognition concept, and the results showed that the subjects cannot effectively estimate the distance from the start to the destination; they highly trust maps above their own sense of direction, and can arrive the destination with the guidance of the map.
Apparently, the findings of this research clearly states that the major function of guiding map is to accentuate information needed in the general public’s wayfinding process, not to represent the precise spatial form. So the design of guiding map is different from traditional map: guiding map emphasizes on the representation of the subject content and explains the content to each individual. Therefore, the designer of guiding map must have the ability to detect and resolve the spatial problem, in addition to the general map designing considerations and requirements. Still, how the map corresponds to the physical space is a major concern, because users must be able to avoid the error of spatial cognition.
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民國100年醫療機構現況及醫院醫療服務量統計分析http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2_p02.aspx?class_no=440&now_fod_list_no=11468&level_no=1&doc_no=77184下載日期：[2012.09.22]


 
 
 
 
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