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題名:我國大學社會責任之政策與成效研究—系統動力學觀點
作者:李安曜
作者(外文):Li, AN-YAW
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:嚴奇峰
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:大學社會責任高等教育地方創生系統動力學模擬分析University Social Responsibility (USR)Higher EducationPlacemakingSystem Dynamics (SD)Simulation Analysis
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我國推動「大學社會責任實踐(USR)計畫」的政策,試圖建構以創新、永續發展為方向的社會新生態,經由高等教育的機制與組織,連結大學與地方,以促進社會文明與國家發展、回應社會承諾,並積極應對所面臨的人口少子女化、就業、教育、貧富差距、城鄉發展等問題。由於社會系統動態複雜性的現象與特徵,具有非線性的樣貌,故適合以系統思考觀點進行研究與觀察。系統思考的因果邏輯思維,採關聯性的互動模式來縱觀全局,察覺子系統間的複雜關係,經過時間的動態變化,隨各因素的改變和交互影響後,系統行為也隨之改變,若以簡單的線性或反應式的思考,難以找到問題的根本。系統思考是以正負反饋效應和心智圖像,來掌握系統運作的脈絡,如同華人世界以陰陽學理,追求系統目標平衡的智慧。
本研究概念建構於政府政策給定條件下的系統動態作用範疇,以系統動力學觀點探討與辨識政策系統範疇內的互動元素及效果之基本特徵,系統內將大專校院與地方政府視為個別的整體,觀察USR與地方政府、地方創生等系統生態中的互動行為。並依據利害關係人與資源依賴的結構,按政策機制所引導的社會責任實踐,運用系統動力學思考邏輯與模型建構,針對政策與高等教育機構間、社會與學校、學校財務與資源等場域之影響進行動態分析。本研究採用獲得廣泛使用於系統思考分析模擬的VENSIM軟體,藉心智建模程序,理清政策系統中的因果關係,掌握其中關係迴路的反饋過程,測試各項關鍵因素,使用不同模擬參數,及其導致何種情形的產生,來檢視焦點議題與系統特性行為,觀察系統運作可能的發展與影響。
本研究完成我國大學社會責任之政策與成效研究之質性與量化模型的建構,透過動態模擬識別出政策所延伸的系統行為特性,就政策推行所擬達成的目標,進行模擬檢測。研究得出若欲達成「地方創生」願景,面對人口滑降的趨勢,將有限資源進行合理的配置更顯重要,應就問題本質及政策擬達成之效益,消弭或縮短輸入端即產生的現實差距。政府以「永續發展」結合「地方創生」的觀點進行整體的政策規劃,應更明確就不同地區發展與人口結構趨勢,提供地方檢討真實的需求。以研究模擬的結果,比對各縣市人口、扶養比率、學校財務等因素展現的現象,表明不同縣市面臨的在地困境與優勢及劣勢,既有基礎各不相同,加上城鄉的資源差異,更加速人口的移動。故對「地方創生」政策所擬達成的願景,從事高等教育的大學機構,在本於職責且積極推動大學社會責任的情形下,或可參與在地發展事務協助問題改善,然推動地方均衡、引導青年回流返鄉等工作,恐力有未逮。若僅採取短效的手段,短暫期程內或能改變或被動遵從,然當無持續的驅動因素或機制時,最終還是會回復到變革前的狀態。本研究根據系統的基本特性「結構影響行為」,對於期望的行為與目標,最根本的方式是設計相應的結構,本研究亦據以提出更根本且長期的改善建議,做為後續政策制定及未來研究之參考。
Taiwan promotes the policy of the "University Social Responsibility Practice (USR) Program", trying to build a new social ecology oriented towards innovation and sustainable development. Through the mechanism and organization of higher education, it connects universities and localities to promote social civilization and the country. The phenomena and characteristics of the dynamic complexity of social systems have a nonlinear appearance and are suitable for research and observation from the perspective of systems thinking. The causal and logical thinking of systems thinking adopts the interactive mode of correlation to look at the overall situation and perceive the complex relationship between subsystems. After the dynamics of time, the behavior of the system will also change with the changes and interactive influences of various factors. With conventional linear or reactive thinking, it is not easy to get to the root of the problem. System thinking uses positive and negative feedback effects and mental images to grasp the context of system operation, just as the Chinese world pursues the wisdom of balancing system goals with the theory of yin and yang.
The research concept is constructed from the dynamic action category of the system under the given conditions of government policy, and the basic characteristics of the interaction elements and effects within the category of the policy system are discussed and identified from the perspective of system dynamics. Overall, observe the interaction between USR and local governments, Placemaking and other system ecosystems. And according to the structure of stakeholders and resource dependence, according to the social responsibility practice guided by the policy mechanism, using system dynamics to think logic and model construction, aiming at the fields between policy and higher education institutions, society and schools, school finance and resources, etc. Dynamic analysis of the impact. This research adopts the VENSIM software widely used in system thinking analysis and simulation, and uses the mental modeling program to clarify the causal relationship in the policy system, grasp the feedback process of the relationship loop, test various key factors, and use different simulation parameters in the use of different simulation parameters. , which leads to the occurrence of the situation, examines the focal issues and system characteristic behaviors, and observes the possible development and impact of the system operation.
This research completes the construction of a qualitative and quantitative model for the policy and effectiveness research of university social responsibility in Taiwan. Through dynamic simulation, it identifies the system behavior characteristics extended by the policy, and conducts a simulation test for the goals to be achieved by the implementation of the policy. The study concluded that in order to achieve the vision of "Placemaking", in the face of the trend of population decline, it is more important to reasonably allocate limited resources. The nature of the problem and the benefits to be achieved by the policy should eliminate or shorten the reality gap that arises at the input end. The government conducts overall policy planning from the perspective of "sustainable development" combined with "Placemaking", and should be more clear about the development and demographic trends of different regions, and provide local reviews for real needs. Based on the results of the research and simulation, comparing the population, dependency ratio, school finance and other factors in each county and city, it shows that the local difficulties, advantages and disadvantages faced by different counties and cities are based on different foundations, plus the resources of urban and rural areas. Differences accelerate the movement of the population. Regarding the vision to be achieved by the "Placemaking" policy, university institutions engaged in higher education, in the context of their responsibility and active promotion of university social responsibility, may participate in local development affairs to help improve problems, promote local balance, and guide youth. Returning home and other work, I am afraid that I will not be able to catch it. According to the basic characteristic of the system "structure affects behavior", the most fundamental way to design the corresponding structure for the desired behavior is to design the corresponding structure. If only short-term measures are taken, it may be changed or passively followed in a short period of time. Of course, there is no continuous When the driving factor or mechanism is changed, it will eventually revert to the state before the change. This study also proposes more essential and long-term improvement suggestions for subsequent policy formulation and future research.
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