周敦頤是宋明理學的開創者，他的《太極圖書》為儒學創建了一個宇宙的體系，故被尊為「道學宗主」。然而，《太極圖說》又是一個學術史上爭議很大的理學著作，在版本校勘、思想淵源、主要範疇、基本理論、學術地位等方面均有學術分歧。本文在前人研究討論的基礎之上，力求版本板勘和義理闡發結合起來，解釋《太極圖說》的精義，評說的學術特點和學術成就。

Zhou Dunyi was the founder of Neo-Confucianism, and The Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate was not only a very important but also a very controversial piece of writing about Neo-Confucianism. There have been lots of arguments about its textual criticism, origin of thought, main category, basic theory and position in academic history. This article tries to explain all these arguments and comment on its academic features and accomplishments.