有些學者指出，出生率之下降，主要是社會經濟發展的結果，和家庭計畫無關。惟，台灣的經驗顯示，社會經濟的發展，固然對生育率的下降有貢獻，但家庭計畫之推行，卻有加速生育率下降的功能。台灣的社會觀念，由「多子多孫多福氣」轉為「兩個孩子恰恰好」的想法，家庭計畫教育所扮演的角色不可忽視，而在計畫中普遍提供有效而廉價的避孕方法，迅速提高全民的避孕實行率，讓民眾能隨心控制其生育，以實現其逐年下，降的理想子女數，使台灣於短短七十年間就完成人口增加型態的過程，實值得其他發展中國家參考。本文簡要檢討台灣家庭計畫發展的過程、推行的理倫基礎與方法、以及效果的評價，並提示將來發展的方向，是一種政策的回顧與檢討。

Some scholars argue that the significant decrease in fertility is due to social and economic development, and has nothing to do with promotion of family planning. However, Taiwan's experience shows that, although social and economic development has contributed to the decline of fertility after the Second World War, the promotion of a family planning program has expedited the process. The social norm in Taiwan has changed from “The more children you have the happier you are” to“ Two children are just right”, due largely to intensive family planning education carried out in the program. Moreover, the universal provision of effective and low-cost contraceptives to eligible couples has helped the contraceptive practice rate to rise very quickly. These actions have enabled couples to control their fertility to the declining, level of the ideal number of children. Thus, Taiwan has been able to complete its “Demographic Transition” in 70 years. This paper discusses briefly the process of Taiwan’s family planning program development, the theory and methods of promotion, and evaluation of its effectiveness. It also points out the future direction of the program, providing a review and discussion of a national policy.