資料載入處理中...
臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統
:::
網站導覽
國圖首頁
聯絡我們
操作說明
English
行動版
(18.116.87.196)
登入
字型:
**字體大小變更功能,需開啟瀏覽器的JAVASCRIPT,如您的瀏覽器不支援,
IE6請利用鍵盤按住ALT鍵 + V → X → (G)最大(L)較大(M)中(S)較小(A)小,來選擇適合您的文字大小,
如為IE7以上、Firefoxy或Chrome瀏覽器則可利用鍵盤 Ctrl + (+)放大 (-)縮小來改變字型大小。
來源文獻查詢
引文查詢
瀏覽查詢
作者權威檔
引用/點閱統計
我的研究室
資料庫說明
相關網站
來源文獻查詢
/
簡易查詢
/
查詢結果列表
/
詳目列表
:::
詳目顯示
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆
/1
頁
來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
Who Pays for Raising the Next Generation of Americans--Women, Men, or the State?
書刊名:
歐美研究
作者:
寶拉‧英格蘭
/
南西‧佛伯
作者(外文):
England, Paula
/
Folbre, Nancy
出版日期:
2002
卷期:
32:2
頁次:
頁187-208
主題關鍵詞:
兒童
;
教育
;
兒童照顧
;
性別
;
人力資本
;
Children
;
Education
;
Childcare
;
Gender
;
Human capital
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
2
共同引用:0
點閱:31
兒童是國家的末來,但是撫育和教育兒童需要很高的成本,這些成本包括為兒童的健康、居住、食物和教育的直接支出,也包括父母為了照顧孩子而放棄或減少的工作所得。在美國,由於單親媽媽愈來愈多,使母親負擔的直接成本也比以後更重。因為女性為了撫養孩子所做的許多有和無給的工作最多,所以她們負擔的機會成本也最多。本文提出證據顯示美媽媽的薪資比別人低,而且照顧或教育兒童的職業薪資也較其他工作低。如果國家能負擔一些兒童的撫養成本,就可以更公平地由兩性來分擔這些成本。有良好教養的兒童對整個社會有很多好處,因此由社會集體來承擔更多教養的成本是合理的。然而,在國家補助兒童的照顧、健康和家庭津貼這方面,美國都落後大多數的工業國家。
以文找文
Chilren are the future of any nation, but it is expensive to raise and educate them. The costs include direct expenditures on health, housing, food, and education. They also include opportunity-cots-the wages foregone by parents who care for children without pay, or workers who do so for low wages. In the United states, increasing single motherhood has led mothers to bear more of the direct costs than previously. Because women do most of the paid and unpaid work of rearing children, they bear most of the opportunity costs as well. Evidence of the relatively low wages of mothers and of the wage penalty for working in an occupation involving caring for or educating children is presented for the United States. When the state pays some costs of rearing children, this redistributes these costs more equally between men and women than when they are borne privately. The fact that benefits of well-reared children diffuse broadly throughout society is an argument for collectivizing more of these costs. However, the United States lags behind most industrial nations in state support of child care, health care, and family allowances.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Folbre, Nancy(1994)。Children As Public Goods。The American Economic Review,84(2),86-90。
2.
England, Paula、Folbre, Nancy(1999)。The Cost of Caring。Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,561,39-51。
3.
McDonald, P.(2000)。Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility。Jounal of Population Research,17(1),1-16。
4.
Tam, Tony(1997)。Sex Segregation and Occupational Gender Inequality in The United States: Devaluation or Specialized Training?。American Journal of Sociology,102(6),1652-1692。
5.
Waldfogel, J.(1997)。The Effect of Children on Women's Wages。American Sociological Review,62(2),209-217。
6.
Budig, M. J.、England, P.(2001)。The wage penalty for motherhood。American Sociological Review,66(2),204-225。
7.
Waldfogel, J.(1998)。Understanding the 'Family Gap' in Pay for Women with Children。Journal of Economic Perspectives,12(1),137-156。
8.
Baumol, William J.(1967)。Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: the Anatomy of Urban Crisis。American Economic Review,57(3),415-426。
9.
Joshi, Heather(1990)。The Cash Opportunity Costs of Childbearing: An Approach To Estimation Using British Data。Population Studies,44,41-60。
10.
譚康榮(2000)。Occupational Wage Inequality and Devaluation: A Cautionary Tale of Measurement Error。American Journal of Sociology,105(6),1752-1760。
11.
Casper, L. M.、McLanahan, S. S.、Garfinkel, I.(1994)。The gender-poverty gap: What we can learn from other countries。American Sociological Review,59,594-605。
12.
Folbre, N.、England, Paula(1999)。Who Should Pay for the Kids?。Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,563(1),194-207。
13.
Hermsen, J. M.、England, Paula、Cotter, D. A.(2000)。The devaluation of women's work: A comment on Tam。American Journal of Sociology,105,1741-1751。
14.
Folbre, N.、Nelson, J.(2000)。For love or money - Or both?。The Journal of Economic Perspectives,14,123-140。
15.
Kilbourne, Barbara Stanek、England, Paula、Farkas, G.、Beron, K.、Weir, D.(1994)。Returns to skill, compensating differentials, and gender bias: Effects of occupational characteristics on the wages of white women and men。American Journal of Sociology,100(3),689-719。
16.
Loh, E. S.(1996)。Productivity differences and the marriage wage premium for white males。The Journal of Human Resources,31,566-589。
17.
Lundberg, S. J.、Pollak, R. A.(1996)。Bargaining and distribution in marriage。The Journal of Economic Perspectives,10(4),139-158。
18.
Lundberg, S. J.、Pollak, R. A.、Wales, T. J.(1997)。Do husbands and wives pool their resources? Evidence from the United Kingdom child benefit。The Journal of Human Resources,32(3),463-480。
19.
Lundberg, Shelly、Rose, Elaina(2000)。Parenthood and the earnings of married men and women。Labour Economics,7(6),689-710。
20.
Nelson, J.(1999)。Of markets and martyrs: Is it OK to pay well for care?。Feminist Economics,5(3),43-59。
21.
Waldfogel, J.(1998)。The family gap for young women in the United States and Britain: Can maternity leave make a difference?。Journal of Labor Economics,16(3),505-545。
圖書
1.
England, Paula(1992)。Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence。New York:Aldine de Gruyer Inc。
2.
Folbre, Nancy(2001)。The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values。New York:New Press。
3.
Sherman, A.(1994)。Wasting America's future: the Children's Defense Fund report on the costs of child poverty。Boston, MA:Beacon Press。
4.
Becker, Gary S.(1991)。A Treatise on the Family。Harvard University Press。
5.
Brooks-Gunn, J.、Duncan, G. J.(1997)。The consequences of growing up poor。New York, NY:Russell Sage Foundation。
6.
Folbre, N.、England, Paula(2000)。Reconceptualizing human capital。The management of durable relations。Amsterdam, Netherlands。
7.
England, Paula、Kilbourne, Barbara Stanek(1990)。Markets, Marriages, and Other Mates: The Problem of Power。Beyond the Marketplace: Rethinking Economy and Society。Hawthorne, NY。
8.
Folbre, N.(1994)。Who pays for the kids?。Who pays for the kids?: Gender and the structures of constraint。NY。
9.
Folbre, N.、Weisskopf, T.(1998)。Did father know best? Families, markets and the supply of caring labor。Economics, values, and organization。Cambridge。
10.
(1998)。Fathers under fire: The revolution in child support enforcement。Fathers under fire: The revolution in child support enforcement。New York, NY。
11.
Office for Economic Cooperation and Development(1994)。The reform of health care systems: A review of seventeen OECD countries。The reform of health care systems: A review of seventeen OECD countries。Paris, France。
12.
Olson, M.(1984)。The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth, stagflation, and social rigidities。The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth, stagflation, and social rigidities。New Haven。
13.
Sorensen, E.(1994)。Comparable worth: Is it a worthy policy?。Comparable worth: Is it a worthy policy?。Princeton。
推文
當script無法執行時可按︰
推文
推薦
當script無法執行時可按︰
推薦
引用網址
當script無法執行時可按︰
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
當script無法執行時可按︰
引用嵌入語法
轉寄
當script無法執行時可按︰
轉寄
top
:::
相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱
1.
人力資本理論的發展:基於經濟史視角
2.
人力資本理論:演變過程與未來發展
3.
不識字又兼無衛生?論自然資源在公共衛生與教育中對女性的影響,1960~2017
4.
Gender, Class, and Politics in the 18th Century--Samuel Johnson's Impact on the Modern World
5.
從現代兒童教育理論試析《帝鑒圖說》
6.
兒童津貼財源籌措之探討
7.
兒童津貼之合理性與可行性研究
8.
以教宗通諭思想為主軸所建構的全球化觀點宗教教育教材
9.
「女子行為不檢」:二十世紀初中國的犯罪、踰矩與性別
10.
Consulting Students about Their Learning: Consumer Voices, Social Inequalities and Pedagogic Democratic Rights
11.
教育對經濟發展貢獻的分析
12.
"刻板印象威脅"及其在教育與輔導上之應用
13.
A Preliminary Study on Gross Motor Performance of Hong Kong Children Aged 6-8 Years
14.
童玩游藝與兒童文化
15.
改造國家--晚清的教科書與國民讀本
1.
我國國民小學教師教育信念之相關研究
2.
皮亞傑的認知發展理論在兒童教育上的應用
1.
性別與兒童青少年諮商
無相關著作
無相關點閱
QR Code