This paper takes the interpretation theory of Paul Ricoeur and Michel Foucault as the discussion focus, in which the two themes text and archive occupy an important position. Through the contrast between the interpretation of history and the analysis of history, this paper shows that the interpretation of history assumed by Ricoeur is based on the mediation of text, furthermore this method develops an ontology of historical trace to execute by the historical time a mediation between the cosmic time and the time of consciousness; finally, the interpretation of history is taken as a self-understanding through history as the other. As for the idea of Foucault, contrary to the hermeneutical method, the analysis o/history takes into account the system of statements (enonce) and of discourse ─ i.e. archive ─, according to the demand of archaeological method. Thus Foucault insists on the discontinuity and the anonymity in history, and finds a clue to the concept of the difference and to the existence of the exteriority. This methodological contrast shows a deep cleavage in the ways of studying history through hermeneutical consciousness.