Previous discussions on changes in the leadership of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce often simply assumed that leadership positions merely symbolized power, and examined leadership changes in terms of patriotism versus non-patriotism, new factions versus old factions, or the Zhejiang group (or Ningbo group) versus the non-Zhejiang group. This article reexamines the factors that influenced leadership changes in the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce from 1902 to 1926 in light of the generally ignored issues such as the Chamber’s formal institutional system and businessmen’s willingness to serve. It thus throws new light on the significance of leading the Chamber, showing that though leadership was an honor, the duties incurred were more burdensome than the power conferred. For nearly two decades after the formation of the Chamber, businessmen concentrated on the management of their own enterprises and felt no desire to be diverted by public service. They also felt scared by the difficulties of dealing with Chamber affairs during a time of radical political instability, which left them reluctant to take up leadership positions. The struggles for leadership that erupted in 1924 and in 1926 did not represent an ongoing competition for power between different commercial groups. Rather, they stemmed from the intertwining of external political power with internal clique conflicts. When it became involved in political entanglements, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce soon fell under outside control.