國內產業發展已由過去的農業時代轉向製造業及服務業為主的時代，而區域內產業亦會隨著都市成長呈現結構轉變或區位調整，同時連帶地帶動當地人口變遷及就業出現顯著的變化。本文首先針對區域經濟基礎理論與經濟基礎分析之研究方法進行說明。其次根據鄧瑞兆(2002)之研究中針對台灣地區都市與鄉村所採取之劃分方式及結果，配合台灣地區歷年來實際資料，採計量經濟之研究方法進行城鄉就業與人口之實證分析。本研究主要的成果為：1、台灣城鄉的基礎產業會因地區之特性、發展狀況及都市定位不同而異。2、經濟基礎產業的確是一個區域經濟力量的關鍵，因為基礎產業活動的擴張會對非基礎產業提供一個成長基石，進而帶動地區內整體就業的成長。

Domestic industry development had been transformed from agricultural to manufacturing and service. Followed by the urban growth, the structure of regional industries change or adjust. In the present study, regional economic theory and economic-based analysis method are explained first. Then population and employment multiplier of urban and rural in Taiwan are analyzed by econometric method which is based on the study of the differences between Urban and Rural in Taiwan by Teng (2002). The results show that the basic industries of urban and rural changed according to the characteristics, the development and position. In addition, basic industries are the key of economic forces, because the expansion of basic industries provides non-basic industries a growth footstall, and push the overall growth of employment.