Chinese and Western civilizations hold very different views regarding the beginning of the world and of the origin of human beings. Many conjectures have been made about the world's beginning during the Han dynasty. In the Song dynasty, Liu Shu discussed pre-Yao history in the Zizhi tongjian waiji. In the Huangji jingshi, Shao Yong offered his theory of yuan hui yun shi. All previously mentioned theories differ from the Judeo-Christian scriptural tradition, in which God created the physical world, living things and Adam in six days. The Bible further states that descendents of Noah spread to Asia, Europe and Africa after the Flood. In the late Ming dynasty, Jesuits introduced western learning to China, including the story of Genesis and the idea that Chinese people are descended from the offspring of Noah. Xiong Mingyu, a Donglinist who was heavily influenced by Jesuits, wearied of politics after suffering at the hands of Wei Zhongxian and members of his party. Instead, he yearned for the judgment of God in the afterlife according to Christian theology. In his expanded work of Ze Cao, he conducted evidential study on the age of Fu Xi and Shen Nong, and became the first Chinese literatus to reject the idea that Chinese people are descended from Noah.