資源豐富的澳大利亞是兩岸重要的交易夥伴，也是重要的投資來源地之一。過去六十年間，由於兩岸在政治經濟上的阻隔，澳大利亞與兩岸的經貿關係一直是分開進行的。然而，這種狀況可能會發生改變。馬英九政權對中國大陸的態度較其前任有很大不同，為了避免臺灣經濟邊緣化，馬政權正在積極促進與中國大陸簽署兩岸經濟合作架構協定（ECFA），大陸也給予了積極的回應，談判有望於2009年後半年開始。我們有理由預期未來兩岸經濟上的整合度會更高。兩岸在對澳經濟關係中展開密切合作是值得關注的。兩岸對澳貿易結構高度的相似性為這種合作提供了可能。兩岸聯合購買澳大利亞資源類產品有助於提高他們的議價能力，共同致力于品牌建設可以提高他們的產品在國際市場的競爭力，而兩岸聯合對澳投資不僅可以減低澳大利亞對來自中國大陸的投資的敏感，也可以增強臺灣資源供應的保障性。兩岸的密切合作對澳大利亞而言也是好事，因為，只有一個更加穩定的中國才是整個亞太區域最大的福祉。

As a developed country with abundant natural resources, Australia has been an important trading partner for both Chinese mainland and Taiwan. According to Australian statistics, Chinese mainland was Australia’s No.1 two-way trading partner ($63,753 million, accounting for 13.2 per cent of Australia’s total trade) in the year 2007-2008. Taiwan was Australia’s 12th largest trading partner ($10,588.68 million, accounting for 2.76 per cent of Australia’s total trade) during the same period. Investment is another important aspect of the economic relationship. Australia has been an important FDI source for both Chinese mainland and Taiwan, although its ranking is declining. By the end of 2008, Australia’s accumulated investment in Taiwan was US$ 1023.91 million, making the country Taiwan’s 14th largest foreign investor. Taiwan’s accumulated investment in Australia was US$ 159.94 million, making it Australia’s 20th largest source of FDI. In 2007 Chinese mainland was Australia’s 14th largest investment destination ($5.2 billion) while Chinese mainland was the 17thlargest investor in Australia with a total investment of $6.2 billion. For approximately 60 years Australia has dealt with Chinese mainland and Taiwan independently, given the political and economic distance between the two places. It appears that this situation is about to change, however. The attitude of Ma Ying-jeou’s toward Chinese mainland is very different from that of his predecessor. To avoid the marginalization of the island`s economy in the global market, Ma’s government is stepping up its efforts to sign an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with Chinese mainland. His proposal is widely supported by the business sector although there is still a dissenting voice from the Democratic Progressive Partly (DPP). But it is reasonable to expect a more economically integrated China in future. The possibility of closer cross-straits cooperation in the economic relationship with Australia is a development worth considering. Will this be a win-win solution? Starting from an overview of the trade and investment relationship between Australia and Chinese mainland on the one hand, and between Australia and Taiwan on the other, and based on a comparison of trade items and investment purposes, this paper explores the implications for Australia of closer cross-strait relations.