「林務局所藏日治與戰後林業檔案」是日治末期臺灣林業經營及戰後官方接管監理概況的重要史料，起自1895 年，終於1975 年，前後80 年。檔案原存藏於林務局本部及林務局溪州街倉庫兩處，2005 年4 月，林務局與中央研究院臺灣史研究所合作進行本檔案數位典藏計畫，2010 年初完成檔案全宗之著錄，並於臺灣史研究所檔案館之「臺灣史檔案資源系統」，提供目錄查詢及數位影像瀏覽服務。 本文首先介紹檔案產生背景，即日治與戰後林業發展概況及其相關機構沿革；進而介紹檔案內容，包括臺灣拓殖株式會社書類、南邦林業株式會社書類、戰後接收與移交相關書類，以及官方林業經營等相關書類；最後提出史料價值及可供參考的研究面向，以期提高檔案的使用性、推廣其學術價值。

Taiwan Forestry Archives (1895~1975) kept by the Forestry Bureau contain important historical materials of Taiwan from the late Japanese colonial era to postwar years. In April 2005, the Forestry Bureau began an collaboration with the Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica on the digital archives program. The digital database of all archives was completed in early 2010 and is made available through access at the “Taiwan Archival Information System”. This article first introduces the background of the archives, giving details on the development of forestry during Japanese colonization and in the aftermath of the Second World War as well as the history of related institutions. It then presents the contents of the archives including documents from the Taiwan Development Company and Nanpou Forestry Company as well as official papers concerning forestry management and the transfer and take-over of its management. Finally, this article highlights the historical significance of the archives and possible research directions in the hope of enhancing the academic value and usability of the digital database.