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題名：都市自我組織--制度與空間演變的模擬比較
書刊名：地理學報
作者：賴世剛 引用關係／王昱智／韓昊英
作者(外文)：Lai, Shih-kung／Wang, Yu-chie／Han, Haoying
出版日期：2012
卷期：67
頁次：頁49-71
主題關鍵詞：自我組織；個體基礎建模；空間垃圾桶模型；人工社會；Self-organization；Agent-based modeling；Spatial garbage can model；Artificial society
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:9
  • 點閱點閱:23
自複雜科學興起以來，已漸成為探討都市發展演變的典範。相較於傳統的數理模型，以複雜理論探討都市發展可彌補其不足之處，包含了可處理不同類型的個體，以及可模擬出更貼近真實世界中個體的有限理性等特性。近年來，基於個體之模擬（Agent-Based Modeling, ABM）在社會科學研究逐漸受到重視。其概念與Cellular Automata（CA）相似，但是ABM相對於CA在探討都市發展上更貼近真實環境。雖然如此，ABM仍有其侷限之處，如甚少研究針對於無法碰觸的抽象個體，像是決策的選擇機會。空間垃圾桶模型（Spatial Garbage Can Model, SGCM）正是以一種概念性的模型，來探討都市發展，因此本研究以ABM重新詮釋SGCM，並加入了適應性與可逆性之概念，將SGCM重新表現為一人工社會，來探討此系統是否為一自我組織的系統，以及制度與空間何者對於都市發展影響較為顯著。最後結果發現，系統呈現自我組織的現象，而且發現制度在解決問題的效率上較空間來的高，以及空間之相對自我組織性較制度為高。且制度與空間之間相互作用顯著，顯示在都市發展中，制度與空間是互相影響的，因此在都市規劃上，應同時著重兩者，而非僅以空間規劃為主。
Since the rise of Complex Science, it has emerged as the new paradigm of urban evolution. Compared with the traditional mathematical model, exploring the urban development with complexity theory can help us understand the structure of a city, such as the handling of different types of agents and the characteristics of limited rationality. Recently, Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has been introduced in social sciences. ABM is similar to Cellular Automata (CA), but it is more effective in modeling the real world of urban development. Nevertheless, ABM has its limitation in studying intangible entities such as the strategy of decision making. Spatial Garbage Can Model (SGCM) is a conceptual model to explore urban development. This research intends to reconstruct the SGCM through ABM, and incorporate adaptability and irreversibility, by viewing the SGCM as an artificial society and testing this system in terms of self-organization, as well as finding out institutional and spatial emergence which influence urban development processes. Results showed that the system self-organized itself, that institutional structures were more efficient in problem-solving than spatial structures, and that the characteristics of self-organization of spatial structures were more significant than institutional structures. In addition, the interaction between spatial and institutional structures was significant. The implication is that we should focus on both in making plans for urban development, rather than solely on spatial structures as traditionally practiced.
期刊論文
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2.Anas, A.、Arnott, R.、Small, K. A.(1998)。Urban Spatial Structure。Journal of Economic Literature，36(3)，1426-1464。  new window
圖書
1.Axtell, Robert L.、Epstein, Joshua M.(1996)。Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up。Washington, D.C.：Brookings Institution Press。  new window
2.Krugman, Paul R.(1996)。The Self-organizing Economy。Cambridge, Mass.：Blackwell Publishers。  new window
3.Von Neumann, J.(1966)。Theory of self-reproducing automata。University of Illinois Press。  new window
4.薛曉源、陳家剛(2007)。全球化與新制度主義。臺北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
5.賴世剛(20060000)。都市、複雜與規劃：理解並改善都市發展。臺北：詹氏。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Hopkins, Lewis D.(2001)。Urban Development: The Logic of Making Plans。Island Press。  new window
其他
1.王飛躍、史蒂夫．蘭森(2004)。從人工生命到人工社會--複雜社會系統的現狀和展望。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳建元、游繁結、羅俊雄、陳天健、李文正(2005)。細胞自動機的介紹及其在土石流災害模擬的初步應用。  延伸查詢new window
3.葉季栩(2003)。複雜系統中規劃的作用--以細胞自動體理論為基礎的解釋。  延伸查詢new window
4.黎夏、葉嘉安(2005)。基於神經網絡的元胞自動機及模擬複雜土地利用系统。  延伸查詢new window
5.黎夏、葉嘉安、劉小平、楊青生(2007)。地理模擬系統：元胞自動機與多智能體。  延伸查詢new window
6.Hopkins, L. D.(2005)。都市發展制定計畫的邏輯。  延伸查詢new window
7.賴世剛、高宏軒(2001)。都市複雜空間系統自我組織臨界性之初探。  延伸查詢new window
8.薛明生、賴世剛(2002)。人口分布自組性之時空尺度特性--臺灣本島之實證研究。  延伸查詢new window
9.薛領、楊開忠、沈體雁(2004)。基於Agent 的建模--地理計算的新發展。  延伸查詢new window
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21.Hoch, C.(2007)。Making plans: Representation and intention。  new window
22.Lai, S. K.(2006)。A spatial garbage-can model。  new window
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