殖民地的歷史述說著19世紀西方帝國強權，憑藉西方科技文明，以經濟發展與文明提升之理由，強加統治低度發展社會。為了競逐權力與財富，歐洲企業帝國紛紛前往非洲征服部落王國，使其淪落殖民帝國瓜分統治的對象。同樣的情況也發生在19世紀末的亞洲，日本帝國意欲擴張其勢力，殖民亞洲，台灣成為日本首先殖民的地區。雖然對於殖民地經營的論述存在著正面與負面的歧異觀點，但是大多堅信殖民母國所留下的遺產，仍然是後殖民國家經濟繁榮的重要基礎。本文企圖比較亞洲與非洲地區殖民經營策略及其獨立後發展之情況，分別以日本殖民台灣與法國殖民布吉納法索為研究標的，首先分析二國在殖民政策上的處境與異同，接著探討這些政策對於後殖民時期在政治經濟發展上產生何種影響？藉由比較分析，除了深化我們對於殖民歷史的認知外，並且進一步提供未來國家發展與政策擬定上的思考。

The historical context of colonization tells us that technologically advanced western cultures in the 19th century imposed themselves on less developed societies mostly for economic and cultural reasons. It is this struggle for power and preeminence in Europe that drove the industrialized European countries to expand their empires into Africa. The same logic underlies Japan's nineteeth century imperialism in Eastern Asia. Although there are still divergent viewpoints with regard to the perceived positive and negative aspects of the colonial enterprise, it is commonly believed that the legacy of colonization can be a start in a country's economic prosperity. This paper is an attempt to investigate the economic and cultural impacts of Japanese colonization in Taiwan, and French colonization in Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta), two countries respectively located in Eastern Asia and Western Africa. For this purpose, we will first attempt to highlight the specificity of the policies adopted by each of these two colonial powers in their respective former colonies. Then we will examine how these policies have impacted the post-colonial economic development of the two countries in question.