Researches on Confucianism and Japanese Modernity usually traced back to Confucian philosopher Ogy. Sorai (1666–1728), because Maruyama Masao, one of the most influential thinkers in postwar Japan, described Sorai’s Confucianism as going beyond the confines of Neo-Confucianism, and connected it to the ideas and practices of modernization in his Studies in the intellectual history of Tokugawa Japan during the 1940s. However, from the 1950s to the 1960s, Maruyama reconsidered this question and shifted the emphasis in his lectures, which were later published as Maruyama Masao k.giroku (Collected transcripts of the lectures of Maruyama Masao) Volume 6 and 7. The concept of Japanization was applied here by Maruyama to interpret Tokugawa Confucianism, and how Neo-Confucianism helped Japanese intellectuals to accept modern thoughts from Europe also came into focus. Between Ogy. Sorai and Neo-Confucianism, I note that there are changes in Maruyama Masao’s discourses on Tokugawa Confucianism and modernity. Based on this, I attempt to discuss how Confucianism was treated in postwar Japan.