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題名:重探伯恩斯坦的教育機制理論:以新加坡華文中學的國家改革考試為例
書刊名:教育研究集刊
作者:黃庭康 引用關係
作者(外文):Wong, Ting-hong
出版日期:2016
卷期:62:3
頁次:頁73-104
主題關鍵詞:伯恩斯坦國家教育政策教育機制評核與考試新加坡Basil BernsteinState education policyPedagogic deviceAssessment and examinationSingapore
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:2
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伯恩斯坦(Basil Bernstein)的教育機制理論假設學校主要是透過教學溝通實 踐打造意識型態,進而達到社會再生產的效果。但此理論之出發點忽略了教育體 系的社會篩選作用,有礙學者們思考學校的生活機會分配功能對教育機制運作的 可能影響。把學校教育簡單地視為溝通傳意機制,也導致伯恩斯坦假設評估規則 只是協助教學機制落實教育論述的手段,忽視了在具體的學校與教育體制中,考 評往往是社會篩選與淘汰的重要機制。這些侷限引致伯恩斯坦沒有考慮到評估規 則可以透過控制有價值的教育機會與社會位置的分配來左右教育機制的運作。本 文試圖突破伯恩斯坦的限制,指出當考評具備社會篩選功能時,評估規則較能幫 助落實教育論述。為了審視評估的社會篩選功能,筆者進一步發展伯恩斯坦的理論,提出評估規則包含了時間、後果與區辨三大次規則,並強調掌權者可透過三個評估次規則調控社會篩選的過程與結果,進而落實意識與權力再生產。筆者並以新加坡華文中學考試改革的歷史案例說明此論點。
Bernstein’s theory of the pedagogic device assumes that schools perform a reproductive function through communicative practices that shape consciousness and identity. This assumption neglects that schools also help perpetuate power relations through functioning as an apparatus of social selection. Because of this skewed emphasis, Bernstein considers evaluative rules purely as a device to help realize pedagogic discourse and overlooks that in the concrete contexts of education systems, evaluations are most often instantiated as summative assessments that function as distributors of valuable life opportunities. This theoretical blind-spot of Bernstein has prevented scholars from discovering the implications of schools’ social selection functions for the operation of the pedagogic device. Using the historical example of state examination reforms on Chinese middle schools in the late-1950s to the early- 1960s, I seek to fill this gap. I contend that assessments can help actualize official pedagogic discourse more effectively when they also exert profound impacts on allocation of valued social positions and educational opportunities. My contention is illustrated by the case of postwar Singapore, where the ruling regime had more success in replacing the Sino-centric pedagogic discourse of Chinese institutions with a more Singaporean-centered one after state-run exams targeting students’ futures in education and employment were imposed.
期刊論文
1.黃庭康(20020700)。國家權力形構與華文學校課程改革--戰後新加坡及香港的個案比較。教育與社會研究,4,111-133。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Stockwell, A. J.(2009)。The crucible of the Malayan nation: The university and the making of a New Malaya, 1938-62。Modern Asian Studies,43(5),1149-1187。  new window
3.黃庭康(20001200)。State Formation, Hegemony, and Nanyang University in Singapore, 1953 to 1965。教育與社會研究,1,59-85。new window  new window
4.Wong, Ting-Hong(2005)。Comparing state hegemonies: Chinese universities in postwar Singapore and Hong Kong。British Journal of Sociology of Education,26(2),199-218。  new window
5.Wong, T.-H.(2014)。The social foundation of public-private partnership in education: The historical cases of postwar Singapore and Hong Kong。History of Education,44(2),207-224。  new window
6.Wong, T.-H.(2015)。Reappraising the pedagogic device’s evaluative rules: state-reformed examinations of Chinese middle schools in Singapore。British Journal of Sociology of Education,36。  new window
圖書
1.南洋文化出版社(1956)。南洋大學創校史。南洋文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃庭康、李宗義(2008)。比較霸權:戰後新加坡及香港的華文學校政治。臺北:群學。  延伸查詢new window
3.Bernstein, B.(1996)。Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research, critique。Taylor and Francis。  new window
4.Cheak, Boon Klieng(1983)。Red Star Over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict during and After the Japanese Occupation 1941-1946。Singapore University Press。  new window
5.Gopinathan, S.(1974)。Towards a National System of Education in Singapore, 1945-1973。Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Bernstein, B.(1990)。The structuring of the pedagogic discourse: Class, codes and control。London:Routledge。  new window
7.Commission of Enquiry on the University of Malaya(1957)。Report。Commission of Enquiry on the University of Malaya。  new window
8.Government Printing Office, Singapore(1959)。First education triennial survey covering the years 1955-7 inclusive。Government Printing Office, Singapore。  new window
9.Lau, A.(1991)。The Malayan union controvesy 1942-1948。Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Lau, A.(1998)。A moment of anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the politic of disengagement。Times Academic Press。  new window
11.Lee, E.(2008)。Singapore: The unexpected nation。Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
12.Lim, K. H.(1982)。The boycott of the Chinese school secondary four examination 1961: An analysis。History Department, University of Singapore。  new window
13.Nanyang University(1970)。Nanyang university calendar, 1969-70。Nanyang Cultural。  new window
14.Ong, T. H.(1984)。Nanyang university 1956-1968: The question of official recognition。Singapore National University。  new window
15.Singapore Department of Education(1951)。Annual report, 1950。Singapore Department of Education。  new window
16.Singapore Department of Education(1955)。Education report, 1954。Singapore Department of Education。  new window
17.Singapore Legislative Assembly(1961)。Singapore legislative assembly debates, official report。Singapore Legislative Assembly。  new window
18.Singapore Ministry of Education(1959)。Annual report, 1958。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
19.Singapore Ministry of Education(1960)。Annual report, 1959。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
20.Singapore Ministry of Education(1961)。Annual report, 1960。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
21.Singapore Ministry of Education(1964)。Annual report, 1963。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
22.Singapore Ministry of Education(1965)。Annual report, 1964。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
23.Singapore Ministry of Education(1966)。Annual report, 1965。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
24.Singapore Ministry of Education(1967)。Annual report, 1966。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
25.Singapore Ministry of Education(1968)。Annual report, 1967。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
26.Singapore Polytechnic(1960)。Annual report, session 1959/60。Singapore Ministry of Education。  new window
27.Wilson, Harold E.(1978)。Social Engineering in Singapore: Educational Policies and Social Change, 1819-1972。Singapore University Press。  new window
28.Yeo, Kim Wah(1973)。Political Development in Singapore, 1945-1955。Singapore University Press。  new window
29.Turnbull, Constance Mary(2009)。A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005。National University of Singapore Press。  new window
30.Tan, Y. K.、Chow, H. K.、Goh, C.(2008)。Examinations in Singapore: Change and continuity, 1891-2007。World Scientific。  new window
其他
1.(19611229)。十七中學明年開辦高中一年級。  延伸查詢new window
2.(19611221)。十七間中學明年開辦高級中學。  延伸查詢new window
3.(19610910)。三三制與四二制當局決同時施行。  延伸查詢new window
4.(19491220)。不參加畢業班會考,華中開除五名學生。  延伸查詢new window
5.(19650227)。中四會考成績公佈。  延伸查詢new window
6.(19621128)。中四會考昨起舉行,考生出席幾及全部。  延伸查詢new window
7.(19611129)。中四會考昨進入第二日罷考生續活動。  延伸查詢new window
8.(19611206)。中四補考昨續舉行,考場門外已無糾察。  延伸查詢new window
9.(19590509)。中學中文課程標準已編竣出版。  延伸查詢new window
10.(19611204)。中學生行動委會召開中學生家長大會。  延伸查詢new window
11.(19610916)。中學改制任由校方選擇,各校董事咸認並不是好辦法。  延伸查詢new window
12.(19610914)。中學改制問題各方意見一斑。  延伸查詢new window
13.(19610911)。中學改制問題南大學生會再度聲明。  延伸查詢new window
14.(19640319)。去年華校中四會考及格名單公布。  延伸查詢new window
15.(19611205)。未參與中四會考學生,一部分昨補考。  延伸查詢new window
16.(19610903)。全星華文中學校長贊成採行四二制度。  延伸查詢new window
17.(19611121)。各中學校長分函中四班學生家長闡述會考重要性。  延伸查詢new window
18.(19520709)。初中畢業會考學生必須參加。  延伸查詢new window
19.(19610907)。南大副校長發表談話支持董教意見。  延伸查詢new window
20.(19610906)。南大畢業同學會發表對中學改制問題聲明。  延伸查詢new window
21.(19610802)。南大學生會主催座談華文中學四年制問題。  延伸查詢new window
22.(19610804)。南大學生會邀中學畢業班級長下週三舉行座談。  延伸查詢new window
23.(19641011)。南洋大學及義安學院明年度招生辦法。  延伸查詢new window
24.(19620302)。星大為華校生開辦一年制大學先修班。  延伸查詢new window
25.(19511006)。星洲華校會考第二日,百餘學生交白卷。  延伸查詢new window
26.(19510219)。星馬各地華校高中畢業會考。  延伸查詢new window
27.(19511005)。星馬高初中簡師會考,七百餘學生應試。  延伸查詢new window
28.(19611128)。首屆中四會考昨起舉行一部分學生實行罷考。  延伸查詢new window
29.(19610814)。校聯會商中學改制問題對四二制不表異議。  延伸查詢new window
30.(19520530)。校聯與九中學校長商初中會考問題。  延伸查詢new window
31.(19600718)。馬大文法理科先修班招非英校學生入學。  延伸查詢new window
32.(19590714)。馬大理科先修班昨上第一課。  延伸查詢new window
33.(19590612)。馬大理學院一項大改革。  延伸查詢new window
34.(19460919)。馬來亞華校會考恢復。  延伸查詢new window
35.(19611006)。教長接受董教建議保證中學教育六年。  延伸查詢new window
36.(19621205)。教長楊玉麟昨晚廣播感謝學生家長保護子女利益。  延伸查詢new window
37.(19610701)。設立大學先修班急著不容緩。  延伸查詢new window
38.(19610707)。華文中學校長昨舉行座談會,對中四學生前途提出具體解決建議。  延伸查詢new window
39.(19590221)。華文中學校長籲請教部緩施中學改制。  延伸查詢new window
40.(19630109)。華文中學實施改制後第一次高中會考本年十一月舉行。  延伸查詢new window
41.(19611130)。華文教育團體密切關注中四生罷考事件。  延伸查詢new window
42.(19611123)。華校中四畢業會考決照規定日期舉行。  延伸查詢new window
43.(19611201)。華校中四會考今最後一日,昨設四流動考場。  延伸查詢new window
44.(19571211)。華校中學生求職好消息。  延伸查詢new window
45.(19590114)。華校中學改制今年開始準備。  延伸查詢new window
46.(19581119)。華校中學改制議明年不可能實行。  延伸查詢new window
47.(19590620)。華校中學改革將照舊實行。  延伸查詢new window
48.(19590707)。華校高中畢業會考今年考期已訂定。  延伸查詢new window
49.(19640317)。華校高級中學畢業會考成績昨正式公布。  延伸查詢new window
50.(19611120)。華校教師總會理事會議,派五代表謁教長。  延伸查詢new window
51.(19610904)。華校教總討論中學改制問題。  延伸查詢new window
52.(19461029)。華校會考即將舉行。  延伸查詢new window
53.(19610801)。開辦後期中學,各方認極迫切。  延伸查詢new window
54.(19511004)。會考成績不及格不能任華校教師。  延伸查詢new window
55.(19611002)。董教聯及文教團體議決華教體系應統一。  延伸查詢new window
56.(19610809)。董教聯會八校代表集會議定堅持中學六年制度。  延伸查詢new window
57.(19611203)。關心罷考事件,全星校友會發聯合聲明。  延伸查詢new window
58.(19520715)。關於初中會考問題,華校代表與研究局昨談商。  延伸查詢new window
59.(19580903)。警察當局錄取華校男女學生加以訓練成為警長。  延伸查詢new window
60.(19500101)。讀了華中校長開除五名學生聲明。  延伸查詢new window
61.(19611230)。Applicants。  new window
62.(19620110)。As Schools Open, a Big Protest。  new window
63.(19610920)。Choice of Old or New System in Schools--Official。  new window
64.(19621205)。Exams are on Without a Hitch。  new window
65.(19611206)。Parents to Form Protection Groups。  new window
66.(19611213)。Pickets Vanish after that Assembly Vote。  new window
67.(19600119)。“Prepare to Integrate”--Yong。  new window
68.(19610628)。Scheme to Help Chinese Middle School Students: Pre-Varsity Two-Year Course。  new window
69.(19600120)。Varsity Must not be a Political Trinket。  new window
70.(19600708)。Varsity Chance for 120。  new window
圖書論文
1.黃庭康(2007)。雙城記:新加坡與香港政府的華文大學政策。南大圖像:歷史河流中的省視。南洋理工大學中華語言文化中心。  延伸查詢new window
2.Bernstein, B.(1986)。On pedagogic discourse。Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education。New York, NY:Greenwood Press。  new window
3.Hong, L.(2013)。Of six-day weeks and 3-3 versus 4-2 systems: Disciplining teachers for the new state。The 1963 operation cold store in Singapore。Kuala Lumpur:Pusat Sejarah Rakyat Bhd。  new window
 
 
 
 
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