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題名:選制改革對投票穩定與變遷的影響:臺灣五次立委選舉的實證分析
書刊名:選舉研究
作者:王國臣吳重禮 引用關係
作者(外文):Wang, Guo-chenWu, Chung-li
出版日期:2016
卷期:23:1
頁次:頁63-105
主題關鍵詞:投票穩定與變遷選舉制度改革立法委員選舉動態追蹤資料模型投票行為Electoral stability and changeElectoral reformElections to the Legislative YuanDynamic panel data modelVoting behavior
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:491
  • 點閱點閱:114
本文利用「動態追蹤資料模型」(dynamic panel data model)中的「兩階段最小平方法」(two-stage least squares),檢證影響臺灣投票穩定與變遷的各項因素;其中,本文特別關注,2008年第七屆立法委員選舉制度改革,對於投票行為的衝擊。觀測時間為1998年至2012年五次立委選舉,研究對象為全臺364個鄉鎮市區,樣本數為1,820筆觀察值。資料來源有二:一是中央選舉委員會建置的選舉資料庫;二是各縣市政府出版的《統計年報》。實證結果顯示,選舉制度改革、選舉制度類型、性別、教育,以及公職人員比例等五個變數,是影響「投票變動指數」(vote volatility index)的重要因素。此外,總體經濟環境、投票習慣與地理區位,也是關鍵影響因素。整體而言,本文的量化實證結果,支持「杜弗傑法則」(Duverger's Law)與「自我實現的預言」(selffulfilling prophecy),即選制改革對投票穩定與變遷,具有長期且深遠的影響。本文的學術貢獻有三:第一,本文論證選舉制度、政黨體制,以及投票穩定與變遷三者間的互動關係。第二,測量臺灣立委選舉的投票穩定與變化度,可供政治實際運作參考。第三,迥異於既有文獻採用「質化與受限依變數模型」(qualitative and limited dependent variable model),本文引入動態追蹤資料模型,檢證選制改革對投票穩定與變遷的具體效應。換言之,本文的研究發現可作為選舉研究的補充。
This study uses the method of two-stage least squares of dynamic panel data models to examine the variables closely related to electoral stability and change in Taiwan, especially focusing on the impact of electoral reform of the Legislative Yuan in 2008 on voting behavior. To account for causal effects, the analysis includes 1,820 observations consisted of the 364 township and village-level units of five legislative elections from 1998 to 2012. The data sources come from the archive of election outcomes officially released by the Central Election Commission, and the statistical yearbooks published by county and city governments. The findings reveal that the variables of electoral reforms, types of electoral system, gender ratio, the level of educational attainment, and proportion of civil servants present statistically significant associations with the index of vote volatility. In addition, the factors of macroeconomic conditions, voting patterns, and geographical contexts emerge as statistically significant and in the anticipated directions. The empirical results demonstrate the Duverger's law and also the self-fulfilling prophecy; i.e., the reforms of electoral system exert a profound effect of the stability and change of voting behavior. There are at least three academic implications that can be drawn from the outcome of this study. First, this study verifies the relationship between electoral system, party system, and electoral stability and change. Second, it empirically measures the vote volatility index which might be valuable for campaign strategies. Last, different from the qualitative and limited dependent variable models in the previous studies of political participation, this study takes advantage of a dynamic panel data model to assess the impact of electoral reforms on stability and change in voting behavior. Developing an electoral model that is both concise and accurate awaits future research.
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94.Sargan, J. D.(1958)。The Estimation of Economic Relationships Using Instrumental Variables。Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society,26(3),393-415。  new window
95.Shively, W. Phillips(1992)。From Differential Abstention to Conversion: A Change in Electoral Change, 1864-1988。American Journal of Political Science,36(2),309-330。  new window
96.Selvin, Hanan C.(1958)。Durkheim's Suicide and Problems of Empirical Research。American Journal of Sociology,63(6),607-619。  new window
研究報告
1.行政院客家委員會(2014)。103年度臺閩地區客家人口推估及客家認同委託研究成果。行政院客家委員會。  延伸查詢new window
2.原住民族委員會(2015)。原住民人口數統計資料。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Lewis-Beck, Michael S.、Rice, Tom W.(1992)。Forecasting elections。Washington, D.C.:Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
2.Meguid, Bonnie M.(2008)。Party Competition between Unequals: Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe。Cambridge。  new window
3.Carmines, Edward G.、Stimson, James A.(1989)。Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics。Princeton University Press。  new window
4.陳義彥、黃麗秋(1992)。選舉行為與政治發展。臺北市:黎明文化事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
5.內政部(2015)。中華民國內政統計年報。臺北:中華民國內政部。  延伸查詢new window
6.行政院經濟建設委員會(1978)。臺灣地區綜合開發計畫。臺北:行政院經濟建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
7.Keith, Bruce E.、Magleby, David B.、Nelson, Candice J.、Orr, Elizabeth、Westlye, Mark C.、Wolfinger, Raymond E.(1992)。The Myth of the Independent Voter。Berkeley, CA:University of California Press。  new window
8.Lewis, Paul G.(2000)。Political Parties in Post-Communist Eastern Europe。London: Routledge。  new window
9.Bartolini, S.、Mair, P.(1990)。Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The Stabilization of European Electorates, 1885-1985。New York, NY:Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Duverger, Maurice(1959)。Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State。London:Methuen & Co。  new window
11.Ferrara, Federico、Herron, Erik S.、Nishikawa, Misa(2005)。Mixed Electoral Systems: Contamination and Its Consequences。New York:Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
12.Hill, Carter R.、Griffiths, William E.、Lim, Guay C.(2012)。Principles of Econometrics。Hoboken, NJ:Wiley。  new window
13.Key, Valdimer Orlando Jr.(1966)。The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936-1960。Cambridge, MA:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
14.King, Gary(1997)。A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
15.Lijphard, Arend、Aitkin, Don(1994)。Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-seven Democracies, 1945-1990。Oxford University Press。  new window
16.Milbrath, Lester W.、Goel, Madan L.(1977)。Political participation: How and why people get involved in politics?。Chicago:Rand McNally College Pub. Co.。  new window
17.Rae, Douglas W.(1967)。The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
18.Rosenstone, Steven J.、Hansen, John Mark(1993)。Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America。Longman。  new window
19.Berelson, Bernard R.、Lazarsfeld, Paul F.、McPhee, William N.(1954)。Voting。University of Chicago Press。  new window
20.Merton, Robert King(1968)。Social Theory and Social Structure。Free Press。  new window
21.Mainwaring, Scott、Scully, Timothy R.(1995)。Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America。Stanford University Press。  new window
22.Delli Carpini, Michael X.、Keeter, Scott(1996)。What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters。Yale University Press。  new window
23.Campbell, Angus、Converse, Philip E.、Miller, Warren E.、Stokes, Donald E.(1960)。The American Voter。The University of Chicago Press。  new window
其他
1.中央選舉委員會(2015)。選舉資料庫,http://db.cec.gov.tw/, 2015/05/30。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Pedersen, Mogens N.(1983)。Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility in European Party Systems, 1948-1977: Explorations in Explanation。Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change。Beverly Hills, Calif:Sage Publications。  new window
2.Crewe, Ivor、Denver, David T.(1985)。Introduction: Electoral Change in Western Democracies: A Framework for Analysis。Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility。London:Croom Helm。  new window
3.Riker, William H.(1986)。The Duverger's Law Revisited?。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York:Agathon Press。  new window
4.Reed, Steven R.、Bolland, John M.(1999)。The Fragmentation Effect of SNTV in Japan。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of an Embedded Institution。Ann Arbor, MI:University of Michigan Press。  new window
5.Converse, Philip E.(1964)。The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics。Ideology and Discontent。Free Press。  new window
6.Zaller, John(2004)。Floating Voters in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1948-2000。Studies in Public Opinion: Attitudes, Nonattitudes, Measurement Error, and Change。Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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