目的：正念練習能改善臨床個案的受苦經驗外，並促進個體的幸福感和生活適應。其中正念為基礎之預防復發方案（Mindfulness-based relapse prevention;MBRP）為應用於協助藥癮患者降低毒品使用之正念方案。方法：回顧目前正念為基礎預防復發方式之理論與相關療效研究文獻。結果：MBRP主要包括預防復發模式並結合正念禪修練習之方案，研究支持MBRP對於降低戒癮者之藥癮嚴重度、負向情緒和正念能力具有相當的影響力，且其改變機制主要在於幫助戒癮者學習以不評價的態度，接納和感受因藥癮所引發的不舒服感受，以及學習以平靜的方式去面對高危險情境，降低復發的機率。結論果：MBRP在國內仍是屬新興的治療取向，雖有部分的研究成果支持，但其療效仍需要被更嚴謹之研究予以驗證。

Purposes: Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) was to help drug abusers to resist the relapse for drug use. Method: The literature regarding mindfulness-based relapse prevention were reviewed. Results: Mindfulness can be integrated with relapse prevention model into MBRP. Literature had proven the effectiveness of MBRP on addiction. Through conducting MBRP, drug abusers could be taught to be nonjudgmentally aware of and accept the suffering resulted from craving or other high risk situations. This is aimed to decrease the likelihood of relapse. Conclusions: MBRP is still a new approach for reducing the likelihood of relapse among drug abusers. More evidences should be proved in the future study.