Since 1990, the terms "Greater China Economic Zone" and "Global Chinese network" have been frequently used in the mass media. This paper examines the underlying concept of building economic networks through cultural attachment by focusing on the overseas trade experiences of Taiwanese merchants under Japanese rule. Materials used for this study are mostly Japanese consular reports, investigations of the Japanese Taiwan governor-general and of the Taiwan Bank, newspapers of Taiwan, Manchuria, Southeast Asian overseas Chinese communities obtained from Taiwan, Japan, the U.S.A., Singapore, and Chinese mainland. During the whole period, Southern China, which shares a Southern Fujianese subculture with Taiwan, drew the most interest from Taiwanese merchants for migration and investment; and Southeast Asia, whose overseas Chinese also shared this common culture, ranked netx; Manchuria, which did not share this culture, ranked last. This suggests the influence of cultural attachment upon migration and investment. While, during the period of 1932-1939, the trade value between Taiwan and Manchuria was six times that of Taiwan-Southern China trade and eight times of Taiwan-Southeast Asia trade as Taiwan had a better regional division of labor with Manchuria. This suggests that the more dominant influence of comparative advantage than cultural attachment for building trade networks. And, as Taiwanese merchants active in their cultural homeland, Southern China, provided war materials for the Japanese army with whom they shared the same political and economic interests, it further suggests that even for migration and investment, cultural attachment could be overridden by politicoeconomic considerations. These Taiwanese merchants' experiences suggest the limited efficacy of the concept underlying the terms "Greater China Economic Zone" and "Global Chinese network."