In the compilation of Ssu-k'u ch'uan-shu, Ch'ing Kao-tsung (the Ch'ien- lung emperor; r.1736-1795) had destroyed any anti-Manchu literature through a policy of collecting books for censorship. Also, by twisting Confucian ideology, he was able to establish his own imperial historiography that was to be followed by scholars in compiling historical materials about the Ming-Ch'ing transition in the mid-17 �� century. The publication of official versions were categorized as the Shih-pu of the Ssu-k'u ch'uan-shu, which in effect changed the collective memory of the people about the Ming-Ch'ing transition. In addition, the official explanation of the founding of the Ch'ing dynasty helped to maintain orthodoxy and provide a code of conduct for officials to follow.