為從微觀農戶視角分析易地移民搬遷對生態系統服務依賴度的影響,本文構建了農戶生態系統服務依賴度指數,將農戶從生態系統服務中獲取的各種收益進行整合和量化,利用在陜南安康地區的入戶調研數據,對比分析不同搬遷類型和特征家庭的生態系統服務收益和依賴度差異,并進一步檢驗易地移民搬遷對農戶生態系統服務依賴度的影響。結果發現:搬遷戶獲得的生態系統總凈收益、供給、調節、文化等服務凈收益以及社會經濟凈收益均高于非搬遷戶;不同搬遷特征的農戶之間的生態系統服務依賴度差異顯著;易地移民搬遷工程的實施能有效的降低農戶對生態系統服務的依賴程度,參與易地移民搬遷有利于農戶收入結構的優化,在降低從生態系統獲取供給服務的同時,也提高了社會經濟收入所占比重;自愿搬遷、集中安置和新階段的移民等特征也在降低農戶對生態系統服務的依賴上起到了積極作用,自愿搬遷的農戶比非自愿搬遷農戶能更好的應對和適應向非資源依賴型生計模式的轉變。集中安置的方式能夠產生一定的規模效應和政策溢出,使農戶有機會獲得更多配套和后續支持,從而提高對外部機會和資源的占有能力,拓寬非資源型收入的途徑,此外,新階段易地移民搬遷工程所提供的惠民措施和補貼力度都較以往零星的自主搬遷有較大提高,同時也強調搬遷農戶在非農轉變過程中的自我發展能力的建設和引導。本研究為實現生態系統服務與家庭福祉在微觀尺度的結合提供路徑支持和方法借鑒,也為新時期易地扶貧搬遷政策的持續推進提供啟示。

This study mainly analyzes the impact of relocation and settlement program( RSP) on the dependence of ecosystem services from the perspective of micro rural households.Based on the construction of index of dependence on ecosystem services( IDES),this study integrated and quantified the net incomes of households from ecosystem services.It comparatively analyzes differences of income from ecosystem services and dependence on ecosystem services among households with different relocation types and characteristics,and further tests the effects of relocation on rural households’ IDES by using the data collected from South Shaanxi Province.It is found that the relocation households are significantly higher than non-relocation households in terms of the total net income from ecosystem services,provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services as well as socio-economy.There are significant differences of IDES between the groups in terms of relocation,relocation type,resettlement mode and resettling time.RSP not only significantly decreases the IDES,but also optimizes the income structure,which increases the share of socio-economic income as well as reduces the income from ecosystems.Meanwhile,voluntary relocation,centralized resettlement,and new stage relocation also have significant effects on decreasing households’ IDES.Compared to non-voluntary relocation,voluntary relocation households are more positive to respond to and adapt to the changes of non-resource-dependent livelihood.Centralized resettlement can produce a certain scale effect and policy spillover,so that rural households have the opportunity to get more follow-up support,thereby enhancing the ability to occupy the external opportunities and resources and broadening the ways to get non-resource-based income.In addition,these benefit measures and subsidies provided by the RSP are greatly improved compared with those of the past,and the construction and guidance of self-development ability in the process of non-agricultural transformation of farmers are also emphasized.This study provides approach and method for linking ecosystem services and human well-being at micro scale,as well as policy implication to the RSP in the future.