事實再次證明,單純由政府主導的食品安全監管模式已無法滿足人們對于食品安全的消費需求。政府和市場在食品安全風險治理中出現的政府公權和市場私權的"雙重失靈",迫切需要社會組織的參與。本文通過深度訪問和問卷調查的形式,基于主成分分析方法將影響食品行業社會組織參與食品安全風險治理能力的影響因素指標融合為互不相關的綜合指標,并由此構建了多元線性回歸模型,研究了影響食品行業的社會組織參與食品安全風險治理能力的主要因素。研究結果表明,社會組織的公信力、與政府的關系、政府支持力度、社會組織的信息公開程度、專職人員的數量與質量等因素與其參與治理能力存在較強的正相關;社會組織法定代表人年齡、現職國家機關公務人員在組織內擔任職務的比例與其參與治理的能力存在較高的負相關。因此,社會組織在食品安全的風險治理中是否能發揮自身獨有的優勢,彌補政府和市場在食品安全風險中的雙重失靈,內在地取決于社會組織的外部環境、內部治理結構與內部管理水平。構建具有中國特色的食品安全社會共治體系亟需逐步完善社會組織的立法,明確社會組織的法律地位,確保社會組織在法律框架下按照各自的章程自主性地開展的各種活動,政府在法律框架下履行支持社會組織發展的職能力度;同時優化內部人員結構,建設具有數量充足、能力結構基本完備的工作人員隊伍,并依據改革要求,優化法定代表人的結構,建立誠信信息服務平臺,提升自身的社會公信度,由此保障社會組織在參與食品安全風險治理過程中的獨立性,發揮自身專業性、自治性等優勢。

It has been proved again that,food safety regulatory dominated by government can’t meet consumers’ food safety demands completely. Due to the‘double failure’of government public right and market private right in food safety risk management,it is in the urgent need of participation of social organizations. In this paper,a principal component analysis method was used to merge influencing factors into orthogonal composite indicators based on in-depth interview and questionnaire survey data,then the main factors influencing food industry social organizations’ ability to participate in food safety risk management were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The survey found that,the credibility of social organization,the relationship with the government,the government support,and the information disclosure level of social organization,the quantity and quality of full-time staff had positive effects on social organizations’ ability to participate in food safety risk management. On the contrary, the age of social organizations’ legal representative,the proportion of current national authority for public servants within the organization had negative effects on social organizations’ ability to participate in food safety risk management. Therefore,whether the social organizations could play their own unique advantages,and made up the ‘double failure ’of government and market in food safety risk management,depend on the external environment of social organization,internal governance and internal management level inherently. In order to build food safety system of social cohabitation with Chinese characteristics,there are two requirements. On the one hand,we need to improve legislation of social organization gradually,to clarify the legal status of social organization,and to ensure the social organization carry out activities according to their articles of association autonomy under the legal framework and the government exercise the function of social organization development efforts under the legal framework. On the other hand,we need to optimize the internal personnel structure and establish a strong team with adequate number and competent staff. Meanwhile,in order to guarantee the independence of social organizations involved in food safety risk management,and to play their professionalism and autonomy,we need to optimize structure of legal representative according with the requirements of reform,and to establish credit information service platform to raise their social credibility.