Beginning in the late 1970s, Foucault repeatedly reinterpreted Kant’s "What is Enlightenment?"Differing from his critical attitude towards Kant’s epistemology of "modernity," characterized by"anthropocentrism,"during the 1960s,Foucault extracted a different kind of "modernity"from Kant’s concept of Enlightenment. This second "modernity"was regarded by Foucault as the foundation of modern philosophy in the post-Kant era. To understand these two concepts of"modernity"and Foucault’s diametrically opposed attitudes, we must distinguish between Kant’s two critiques: the "incomplete critique of the differential other"and the "transcendental critique for constructing self-compliance. "Foucault’s historicophilosophical practice differed from that of history,history of philosophy and philosophy of history,and was embodied in his historical critique of Kant’s rational critique and his philosophical inheritance of Kant’s concept of enlightenment.