本尼迪克特·安德森認為, 民族與民族主義是一個想像的共同體。然而, 是什麼促使人們去想像並成為共同體的呢?格林菲爾德認為民族主義就是資本主義精神, 舍勒認為怨恨是資本主義精神的實質, 因此可以說怨恨是民族主義產生的心理根源。民族主義是一柄雙刃劍, 它既在早期民族國家的構建歷程中發揮了重要作用, 也一度走向極端。20世紀後期, 民族怨恨與民族主義產生了新特點。要遏制民族主義的消極影響, 就要構建多元共存的現代文化, 加強民族國家治理, 構建穩固的民族國家認同, 寬恕歷史積怨, 促進各民族文化的共同繁榮。

Benedict Anderson believes that the nation and nationalism is an imagined community. However, what motivates people to imagine and become a community? Greenfield believes that nationalism is the spirit of capitalism while Scheler thinks that resentment is the essence of the spirit of capitalism, so it can be said that resentment is the root cause of nationalism. Nationalism is a double-edged sword. It has played an important role in the construction of early nation-state, but also gone to the extreme at some times. Both national resentment and nationalism had some new features in the late twentieth Century. To curb the negative influence of nationalism, we should build a pluralistic coexistence of modern culture, strengthen national governance, build a strong national identity, forgive historical grievances and promote the common prosperity of the national culture.