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題名：女子網球選手雙手反拍速度與準確度取向擊球對上肢肌肉活化程度之影響
作者：江勁政
作者(外文)：Ching-Cheng Chiang
校院名稱：國立體育大學
系所名稱：體育研究所
指導教授：湯文慈
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2012
主題關鍵詞：著地球；慣用手；非慣用手；肌電圖；groundstroke；dominant arm；non-dominant arm；electromyography
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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目的：評估女網選手雙手反拍在速度與準確度取向擊球對上肢肌肉活化之影響。方法：以8位優秀女子網球選手為研究對象，利用表面肌電計來量測選手上肢雙臂肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌、屈腕肌和伸腕肌共八個肌群，並使用高速攝影機來決定反拍擊球過程各期別的分期點，利用Matlab軟體進行資料處理，以均方根肌電振幅大小來量化分析各肌群的活化狀況，使用SPSS for Windows 15.0版統計套裝軟體進行統計分析。
結果：一、速度取向擊球平均球速顯著大於準確度取向擊球(p < .05)。二、準備期時，慣用手屈腕肌和非慣用手伸腕肌活化程度較大，雙手肱二頭肌活化程度最小且顯著低於其他肌群(p＜.05)；準確度取向擊球非慣用手肱三頭肌活化程度顯著大於慣用手(p < .05)。加速期時，慣用手肱三頭肌和非慣用手屈腕肌活化程度最大；非慣用手屈腕肌活化程度顯著大於慣用手屈腕肌(p＜.05)。跟隨期時，慣用手與非慣用手皆以屈腕肌活化程度較大。三、慣用手肱二頭肌在跟隨期時，速度取向肌肉活化程度顯著大於準確度取向(p < .05)。四、兩種取向所有肌群以加速期肌肉活化程度最大，準備期時肌肉活化程度最低，且達顯著差異(p＜.05)。
結論：優秀選手在雙手反拍揮拍動作過程中，準備期時，肌肉活化程度較大的慣用手屈腕肌及非慣用手肱三頭肌、伸腕肌負責向心收縮，以協助肩部和上臂旋轉，加速期時，活化程度較大的慣用手肱三頭肌和非慣用手屈腕肌向心收縮分別負責伸展手肘及協助前臂旋內，跟隨期時，透過慣用手屈腕肌和非慣用手肱三頭肌、伸腕肌離心收縮肌群的活化使揮拍減速。選手訓練時必須強化相關肌群，避免因網球專項肌力不平衡而增加上肢肌群受傷的風險。
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of speed and accuracy demands on muscle activation of the upper extremity during the two-handed backhand strokes for skilled female tennis players. Methods: Eight skilled female tennis players were asked to perform in this study. Muscle activity was determined using surface electromyography (EMG) techniques, and the critical instants of backstrokes were determined using high-speed video cameras. The EMG activity was recorded from eight upper limb muscles (biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi and extensor carpi muscles of both right and left arms). The measured muscle responses were stored to a computer and analyzed using Matlab Software. EMGrms values of the burst of different phases were individually calculated. All data were collected and keyed into a SPSS 15.0 program for statistical analysis.
Results: 1. The speed demand had a significantly higher average ball speed (p＜.05) as compared to the accuracy demand. 2. During back swing phase, the flexor carpi of the dominant arm and extensor carpi of the non-dominant arm had high muscle activity. The activity of both arm biceps brachii was significantly lower than the other muscles (p < .05). The activity of triceps brachii of the non-dominant arm was significantly greater than that of the dominant arm during accuracy demand (p < .05). The activities of the triceps brachii of the dominant arm and flexor carpi of the non-dominant arm were greatest during the acceleration phase. The activity of flexor carpi of the non-dominant arm was significantly greater than that of flexor carpi of the dominant arm. The activity of both flexor carpi was greater than the other muscles during follow-through phase. 3. The activity of biceps brachii of the dominant arm for speed demand was significantly greater than that of accuracy demand during follow-through phase (p＜.05). 4. The muscle activation of overall muscle during acceleration phase was significantly larger than back swing phase for both demands (p < .05).
Conclusion: During the back swing phase, flexor carpi of the dominant arm and the triceps brachii, extensor carpi of the non-dominant arm were concentric contractions and create the rotation of the shoulder and upper arm. During the acceleration phase, the triceps brachii of the dominant arm contracts concentrically to extend the elbow and flexor carpi of the non-dominant arm act concentrically which pronate the forearm. During the follow-through phase, flexor carpi of the dominant arm and triceps brachii, extensor carpi of the non-dominant arm decelerate the swing through eccentric contractions. Tennis players should strengthen these muscles which were with observations of tennis-specific strength imbalances and increasing the risk of upper extremity injuries in tennis.
中文文獻

王思婷、王思宜（2006）。女子網球閉鎖式與開放式站姿雙手反拍加速期之研究。體育學報，39卷2期，51-62頁。new window
王思婷、王思宜、湯文慈、黃長福（2004）。網球雙手反拍肌肉協調型態之探討：個案研究。體育學報，36輯，85-94頁。new window
王苓華 （2003）。網球反拍截擊動作之上肢肌肉活化與動量傳遞之研究。體育學報，35期，59-68頁。new window
江勁政、江勁彥、湯文慈（2011）。男子網球選手第一發球與第二發球持拍臂之運動學分析。台灣體育學術研究，50期，45-59頁。new window
邱豐傑（2010）。網球公開賽男子單打之技術型態。大專體育學刊，12卷1期，83-95。new window
孫銘、劉強、莊榮仁、相子元 （2011）。太極拳結合震動訓練對膝伸肌神經肌肉特性之影響。體育學報，44卷2期，173-192頁。new window
麥吉誠 （2001）。網球反手拍不同持拍法對擊著地球技能之分析。體育學報，31卷，47-58頁。new window
謝勇圳、王苓華 （2007）。網球運動單、雙手反拍與站姿之生物力學探討。中華體育季刊，21卷2期，98-105頁。new window


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