The main purpose of this study was to explore the distribution, relationships, diversityand prediction of self concepts, parent-child adjustment and peer relationship on smokingbehavior among the Fifth and sixth grade children at the elementary schools in Taipei area.All the fifth and sixth graders in Taipei City and Taipei County enrolled in the 1997academic year were included in the population. The probability proportionate to sizesampling method( PPS )was used to select the sample, and a self-administrated questionnairewas developed as the instrument. Totally, there were 22 schools with 1500 students in thesample. The main findings were as follows : 1 .The smoking rate among the subjects was 2.9. 2.In a word, the subjects were in good self concepts, parent-child adjustment and peerrelationship, but with higher self criticism trend. 3.There were significant relationships between gender, fathers' educational level,fathers' occupation and whether the subjects were smokers. 4.There were significant relationships between whether the social reference groupssmoked and whether the subjects were smokers. 5.The discriminability of total self concept, parent-child adjustment and peerrelationship to whether the subjects were smokers or not was 2.2, 1.3 and 0.7,respectively.