任璧蓮《夢娜在應許之地》中的階級、文化與創造的(亞美、猶太)傳統_

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題名：	任璧蓮《夢娜在應許之地》中的階級、文化與創造的(亞美、猶太)傳統
書刊名：	歐美研究
作者：	黃秀玲
作者(外文)：	Wong, Cynthia Sau-ling
出版日期：	2002
卷期：	32:4
頁次：	頁641-674
主題關鍵詞：	任璧蓮；夢娜在應許之地；亞裔美國人；族裔；階級；Gish Jen；Mona in the Promised Land；Asian American；Ethnicity；Class；長篇小說
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:3 點閱:91

　　　　　本文透過閱讀任璧蓮一九九六年的長篇小說《夢娜在應許之地》，主張在閱讀亞美文學中有關族裔的再現時，必須考量社經階級的重要性。《夢》書的背景是一九六○年代末的紐約上州，典型的讀法是把它當成有關美國族裔的流動性的故事：主角張夢娜的父母是移民美國的餐廳老闆，出生於美國的夢娜藉由改信同儕信奉的猶太教，而創造出自已的族裔。夢娜和友人也結交非裔美國朋友，而且實驗跨種族約會和共同生活。然而我主張，環繞在夢娜改信宗教的許多家庭衝突，其核心其實是階級。夢娜的雙親原本來自一九四九年之前上海的富裕家庭，他們向孩子施壓，是希望他們成為出人頭地的「模範弱勢族裔」或「新猶太人」，以便恢復失去的階級特權。他們排斥「有色人種」的修辭，是因為那會讓他們等同於低下階級的黑人和拉丁美洲移民。夢娜改信改革派猶太教，代表了她嘗試調和自己革社會的理想主義欲望以及改善家庭地位的孝順欲望。《夢》書作為喜劇而有一個保守的快樂結局：圍堵了「多元文化」的社會威脅，並且恢復了（與種族秩序密切關連的）階級結構。

以文找文

　　　　　Through a reading of Gish Jen's 1996 novel, Mona in the Promised Land, this essay argues for the importance of considering socioeconomic class in reading representations of ethnicity in Asian American literature. Set in upstate New York in the late 1960s, Mona is typically read as a story about the fluidity of American ethnicity: the protagonist Mona Chang, the American-born daughter of immigrant restaurant owners, invents her ethnicity by converting to Judaism, the religion of her peers. Mona and her friends also befriend African-Americans and experiment with cross-race dating and communal living. I argue, however, that the family conflicts surrounding Mona's conversion are at heart about class. Her parents, originally from wealthy families in pre-1949 Shanghai, put pressure on their children to be high-achieving "model minorities," or "New Jews," in order to recover their lost class privileges. They reject "people of color" rhetoric because it would align them with lower-class blacks and Latinos. Mona's conversion to an activist variety of Reform Judaism represents an attempt to reconcile her idealistic desire for social change with her filial desire to improve her family's standing. As a comedy, Mona's story has a conservative happy ending in which "multicultural" social threats are contained and class structure-closely intertwined with racial order-is restored.

以文找文

Other
1.	San Juan, E., Jr.(1992)。Racial Formations/Critical Transformations : Articulations of Power in Ethnic and Racial Studies in the United States，Atlantic Highlands。

期刊論文
1.	單德興(19970400)。任璧蓮訪談錄--一九九五年七月七日於美國麻薩諸塞州劍橋市。中外文學，25(11)=299，157-174。延伸查詢
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4.	Hamilton, G.(1978)。Pariah capitalism: Paradox of power and dependence。Ethnic Groups，1，1-15。
5.	李磊偉(1997)。Race, Gender, Class and Asian American Literary Theory。Race, Gender, and Class: Asian American Voices，4(3)，40-53。
6.	Bonacich, Edna(1973)。A Theory of Middleman Minorities。American Sociological Review，38(5)，583-594。
7.	譚雅倫(1984)。A case of mutual exclusion: Portrayals by immigrant and American-born Chinese of each other in literature。Amerasia Journal，11(2)，29-45。
8.	Krupnick, M.(1993)。Assimilation in recent American Jewish autobiographies。Contemporary Literature，34(3)，451-474。
9.	Lowe, J.(1986)。Theories of ethnic humor: How to enter, laughing。American Quarterly，38(3)，439-460。
10.	McAlister, M.(1992)。(Mis)reading The Joy Luck Club。Asian America: Journal of Culture and the Arts，1，102-118。
11.	Nakanishi, D. T.、Leong, R.(1978)。Toward the second decade: A national survey of Asian American Studies programs in 1978。Amerasia Journal，5(1)，1-19。
12.	Shinagawa, L.、Pang, G. Y.(1988)。Intraethnic, interethnic, and interracial marriages among Asian Americans in California, 1980。Berkeley Journal of Sociology，33，95-114。
13.	Smith, S. A.(1993)。Humor as rhetoric and cultural argument。Journal of American Culture，16(2)，51-63。
14.	蘇琦珍(1996)。Delivering the punch line: Racial combat as comedy in Gus Lee's China Boy。MELUS，21(4)，141-155。
15.	Sumida, S. H.(1998)。East of California: Points of origin in Asian American studies。Journal of Asian American Studies，1(1)，83-100。
16.	Hom, Marlon K(1984)。A Case of Mutual Exclusion: Portrayals by Immigrant and American-born Chinese of Each Other in Literature。Amerasia Journal，11(2)，29-45。
17.	金惠經、駱里山(1997)。Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique。Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique，5(2)。
18.	Krupnick, M.(1993)。Assimilation in recent American Jewish autobiographies。Contemporary Literature，34(3)，451-474。
19.	Lowe, J.(1986)。Theories of ethnic humor: How to enter, laughing。American Quarterly，38(3)，439-460。
20.	McAlister, M.(1992)。(Mis) reading The Joy Luck Club。Journal of Culture and the Arts，1，102-118。
21.	Nakanishi, Don T、Leong, Russell(1978)。Toward the second decade: A national survey of Asian American Studies programs in 1978。Amerasia Journal，5(1)，1-19。
22.	Omi, Michael、Takagi, Dana Y.(1995)。Amerasia Journal。Amerasia Journal，21(1)/21(2)。
23.	Shinagawa, L.、Pang, G. Y.(1988)。Intraethnic, interethnic, and interracial marriages among Asian Americans in California。Berkeley Journal of Sociology，1980(33)，95-114。
24.	Smith, S. A.(1993)。Humor as rhetoric and cultural argument。The Journal of American Culture，16(2)，51-63。
25.	蘇琦珍(1996)。Delivering the punch line: Racial combat as comedy in Gus Lee’s China Boy。Melus，21(4)，141-155。
26.	Sumida, Stephen H.(1998)。East of California: Points of origin in Asian American studies。Journal of Asian American Studies，1(1)，83-100。

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38.	(1994)。The state of Asian America: Activism and resistance in the 1990s。The state of Asian America: Activism and resistance in the 1990s。Boston, MA。
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62.	Mura, D.(1991)。Turning Japanese: Memoirs of a sansei。Turning Japanese: Memoirs of a sansei。New York, NY。
63.	Nichols, C. H.(1978)。Comic modes in Black America (A ramble through Afro-American humor)。Comic relief: Humor in contemporary American literature。Urbana。
64.	(1992)。East of California: New perspectives in Asian American studies。East of California: New perspectives in Asian American studies。Ithaca, NY。
65.	Omi, M.、Winant, H.(1993)。The Los Angeles 'Race Riot' and contemporary U. S. politics。Reading Rodney King/ reading urban uprising。New York, NY。
66.	Radhakrishnan, R.(1996)。Postcoloniality and the boundaries of identity。Diasporic Medtations: Between home and location。Minneapolis, MN。
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68.	Rudick, E. M.(1996)。Exodus, discovery, and coming home to the Promised Land。People of the book: Thirty scholars reflect on their Jewish identity。Madison。
69.	San Juan, E. Jr.(1992)。Racial formations/critical transformations: Articulations of power in ethnic and racial studies in the United States。Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey：Humanities Press。
70.	Seltzer,R. M.、Cohen, N. J.(1995)。The Americanization of the Jews。The Americanization of the Jews。New York, NY。
71.	宋李瑞芳(1990)。Chinese American intermarriage。Chinese American intermarriage。New York, NY。
72.	Takagi, D. Y.(1992)。The retreat from race: Asian-American admissions and racial politics。The retreat from race: Asian-American admissions and racial politics。New Brunswick, NJ。
73.	林振華(1993)。The Asian American movement。The Asian American movement。Philadelphia, PA。
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75.	金惠經(1992)。Foreword。Reading the Literatures of Asian America。Philadelphia。
76.	Althusser, Louis(1986)。Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses。Critical Theory Since 1965。Tallahassee：Florida State University Press。
77.	黃秀玲(2001)。The Stakes of Textual Border-Crossing: Hualing Nieh’s Mulberry and Peach in Sinocentric, Asian American, and Feminist Critical Practices。Orientations: Mapping Studies in the Asian Diaspora。Durham。
78.	李黎(1988)。開封城的猶太人。天堂鳥花。臺北。延伸查詢
79.	袁則難(1987)。狷狂歲月。火因花印象。臺北。延伸查詢
80.	張系國(1983)。割禮。海外華人作家小說選。香港。延伸查詢
81.	Aguilar-San Juan, K.(1994)。The State of Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s。The State of Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s。Boston。
82.	Antin, M.(1912)。The promised land。The promised land。Boston。
83.	Ben-Sasson, H. H.(1976)。A History of the Jewish People。A History of the Jewish People。Cambridge, Mass。
84.	Bonacich, Edna(1994)。The site of class。Privileging Positions: The Sites of Asian American Studies。Pullman。
85.	趙健秀(1981)。The chickencoop Chinaman and The year of the dragon。The chickencoop Chinaman and The year of the dragon。Seattle。
86.	Cho, S. K.(1993)。Korean Americans vs. African Americans: Conflict and construction。Reading Rodney King/reading urban uprising。New York。
87.	Dirlik, Arif(1990)。Culturalism as hegemonic ideology and liberating practice。The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse。New York & London。
88.	Eichel, L. E.(1993)。The crisis of 1969。Blacks at Harvard: A documentary history of African-American experience at Harvard and Radcliffe。New York。
89.	Elazar, Daniel J.(1971)。The institutional life of American Jewry。The institutional life of American Jewry。Philadelphia。
90.	Falk, G.(1995)。American Judaism in transition: The secularization of a religious community。American Judaism in transition: The secularization of a religious community。Lanham。
91.	Frye, Northrop(1969)。Historical criticism: Theory of modes。Anatomy of Criticism。New York。
92.	Hune, S.(1992)。Hunter College。East of California: New perspectives in Asian American studies。Ithaca, NY。
93.	Kamel, R. Y.(1988)。Aggravating the conscience: Jewish-American literary mothers in the promised land.。Aggravating the conscience: Jewish-American literary mothers in the promised land.。New York。
94.	江念祖(1988)。The new wave: Developing Asian American studies on the East Coast。Reflections on shattered windows: Promises and prospects for Asian American studies。Pullman。
95.	Kondo, Dorinne(1997)。About face: Performing race in fashion and theater。About face: Performing race in fashion and theater。New York。
96.	鄺治中(1995)。Asian American studies needs class analysis。Privileging Positions: The Sites of Asian American Studies。Pullman。
97.	Lee, L. C.、Okihiro, Gary Y.(1992)。Cornell University。East of California: New perspectives in Asian American studies。Ithaca, NY。
98.	Malino, F.(1978)。The Sephardic Jews of Bordeaux。The Sephardic Jews of Bordeaux。
99.	Min, P. G.(1995)。Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues。Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues。Thousand Oaks, CA。
100.	Nichols, C. H.(1978)。Comic modes in Black America (A ramble through Afro-American humor)。Comic Relief: Humor In Contemporary American Literature。Urbana。
101.	Omi, Michael、Winant, Howard(1993)。The Los Angeles "Race Riot" and contemporary U.S. politics。Reading Rodney King/reading urban uprising。New York。
102.	Parker, A.、Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky(1995)。Performativity and Performance。Performativity and Performance。New York。
103.	Radhakrishnan, R.(1996)。Postcoloniality and the boundaries of identity。Diasporic Medtations: Between home and location。Minnesota。
104.	Raphael, M. L.(1984)。Profiles in American Judaism。Profiles in American Judaism。San Francisco。
105.	Rudick, E. M.(1996)。Exodus, discovery, and coming home to the promised land。People of the book: Thirty scholars reflect on their Jewish identity。Madison。
106.	Seltzer, R. M.、Cohen, N. J.(1995)。The Americanization of the Jews。The Americanization of the Jews。New York。
107.	宋李瑞芳(1990)。Chinese American intermarriage。Chinese American intermarriage。New York。
108.	Takagi, Dana Y.(1992)。The retreat from race: Asian-American admissions and racial politics。The retreat from race: Asian-American admissions and racial politics。New Brunswick, NJ。
109.	Zenner, W. P.(1991)。Minorities in the middle: A cross-cultural analysis。Minorities in the middle: A cross-cultural analysis。Albany。
110.	Omatsu, Glenn(1994)。The 'Four Prisons' and the Movements of Liberation: Asian American Activism from the 1960s to the 1990s。The State of Asian America。Boston。

其他
1.	Smith, R. T.(1996)。From Shanghai to Jerusalem: Relations between two Jewish capitals，沒有紀錄。
2.	Okihiro, Gary Y.，Lee, L. C.(1992)。East of California: New perspectives in Asian American studies，Ithaca, NY。
3.	Smith, R. T.(1996)。From Shanghai to Jerusalem: Relations between two Jewish capitals。

圖書論文
1.	Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia(2001)。The Stakes of Textual Border-Crossing: Hualing Nieh's Mulberry and Peach in Sinocentric, Asian-American, and Feminist Critical Practices。Orientations: Mapping Studies in the Asian Diaspora。Durham：Duke UP。
2.	Omatsu, Glenn(1994)。The 'Four Prisons' and the Movements of Liberation: Asian American activism from the 1960s to the 1990s。The State of Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s。Boston, MA：South End Press。

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15.	帝國奇觀：英國近代早期歌劇中之殖民與族裔想像

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