The 1930 ROC Civil Code adopted the Christian-originated monogamous marriage system. But for the consideration of social custom, a polygamous marriage was simply ‘voidable’ under the 1930 Code. When the law was amended in 1985, the legal effect of a second marriage finally became null and void. Apart from the Civil Code, the Criminal Code also punishes the bigamous parties to a marriage. Though it is fair to say that the ROC law is in support of the monogamous marriage system, the Grand Justice has made some Interpretations to cause uncertainties. Interpretation NO.242 started to guard the legal status of a second marriage for political reasons. Interpretation 362 further raised doubts on the traditional legal belief in monogamy. Interpretation 552 failed to make things better, though the Grand Justice was trying to clarify some points. Facing the problem of the so-called 'taking a concubine' at the Mainland China, the uncertainties on monogamy further endanger the marital rights of a Taiwan ‘legal' spouse. The main aim of this research is to examine the ROC law regarding the prohibition of bigamy, especially the doubts on its interpretation and enforcement, with the view to make proposals for amendments. It begins with studies on the legal jurisprudence of monogamy and legal prohibition against bigamy, followed by observation of relevant ROC and PRC laws and relevant Interpretations made by the Grand Justice. By a thorough inspection of the provision of monogamous marriage under the laws, coupled with pertinent fieldwork done to understand opinions from the common people, suggestions may then be made for further modification of relevant laws and practice.