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引文資料
題名:
Western Learning and Evidential Research in the Eighteenth Century
書刊名:
故宮學術季刊
作者:
Elman,Benjamin A.
出版日期:
2003
卷期:
21:1
頁次:
頁65-100
主題關鍵詞:
Ch'ing dyasty
;
Science
;
Western learning
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
22
點閱:61
In the eighteenth century, c1assical scholars shared a simultaneous passion for antiquity and new forms of scholarship. Scholars re-appropriated the mathematical c1assics and early astronomy in the millennial quest for ancient wisdom. In a post-Jesuit world, the Ch’ing court during the Ch’ien-lung era was fortuitously buffered from contemporary European wars and the revolutionary changes then preoccupying Britain and France. In this geopolitical vacuum, Ch’ing literati sought to compare what they knew of European learning, brought principally by the Jesuits, with native learning. Though the priority was on the latter, the restoration of ancient learning allowed Manchus and Chinese to bring under control early modern European contributions in mathematics and astronomy. The Jesuits in China had devised a unique, accommodation approach to gain the trust of the Ch’ing court and its gentry elites, which they rarely employed in Japan, India, or Southeast Asia, not to mention the “NewWorld.” Matteo Ricci and his immediate followers prioritized natural studies and mathematical astronomy during the late Ming and early Ch’ing because they recognized that Chinese literati and Ming and Ch’ing emperors were interested in such fields. Such literati interests in natural studies and “Western learning” continued in the eighteenth century despite the impact of the Rites Controversy. Hence, the account here challenges the usual image of Chinese lack of curiosity concerning early modern European science. The reverse of current c1aims about Chinese disinterest in European science is the parallel assertion that Christianity and science had only marginal influence on Chinese literati before the nineteenth century. Many still emphasize the requirement to understand, first and foremost, the key, internal issues inscribed in the classical debates of Ming-Ch’ing scholars. In the round, this c1aim has many merits. It over looks, however, parallel events in European and Chinese intellectual and social history that imply that literati interests in European science were cut short not by Chinese disinterest but by the failure of the Jesuit mission to act as a reliable conduit of scientific and mathematical knowledge during and after the K’ang-hsi reign. The Chinese “lack of knowledge” about scientific developments in eighteenth century Europe represented a breakdown of scientific transmission that can be tied directly to the demise of the Jesuits and their schools in Europe during the eighteenth century, which vicariously affected Chinese information about new trends there. Michel Benoist, for example, finally introduced an accurate account of Copernican cosmology in China after Church’s ban ended in 1757. Anti-Jesuit polemics generated first by the Jansenists and later by the Enlightenment philosophes, however, led to suppression of the order, first in Portugal in 1759 and then by France, Spain, Naples, and Parma, before the Pope dissolved the order wor1dwide in 1773. China’s “window on Europe” was shattered by forces internal to both European and Chinese history.
以文找文
期刊論文
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Elman, Benjamin A.(197912)。The Hsueh-hai T'ang and the Rise of New Text Scholarship in Canton。Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i,4(2),51-82。
2.
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延伸查詢
5.
韓琦(19980600)。白晉的《易經》研究和康熙時代的「西學中源」說。漢學研究,16(1)=31,185-201。
延伸查詢
6.
Hu, Ming-hui(2002)。Provenance in Contest: Searching for the Origins of Jesuit Astronomy in Early Qing China, 1664-1705。The International History Review,24(1),1-36。
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Elman, Benjamin A.(2002)。Jesuit Scientia and Natural Studies in Late Imperial China。Journal of Early Modern History: Contacts, Comparisons, Contrasts,6(3),209-232。
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延伸查詢
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學位論文
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洪萬生(1991)。Li Shanlan: The Impact of Western Mathematics in China during the Late 19th Century,New York。
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Hu, Ming-jie(1998)。Merging Chinese and Western Mathematics: The Introduction of Algebra and the Calculus in China, 1859-1903,Prenceton。
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計文德(1991)。從四庫全書探究明清間輸入之西學。臺北:漢美圖書公司。
延伸查詢
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Libbrecht, Ulrich(1973)。Chinese mathematics in the thirteenth century: The Shu-shu Chiu-Chang of Ch'in Chiu-Shao。Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press。
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Martzloff, Jean-Claude(1997)。A History of Chinese Mathematics。Springer。
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延伸查詢
7.
Li, Yan、Du, Shiran、Crossley, John N.、Lun, Anthony W.-C.(1987)。Chinese mathematics: a Concise History。Oxford:Clarendon Press。
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錢寶琮(1983)。錢寶琮科學史論文集。
延伸查詢
9.
Li, Ju-chen、Lin, Tai-yi(1965)。Flowers in the Mirror。Berkeley:U of California P。
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Hahn, Roger(1971)。The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803。Berkeley:Los Angeles:London:University of California Press。
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Lam, Lay-Yong(1977)。A Critical Study of The Yang Hui Suan Fa。Singapore:Singapore University Press。
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Elman, Benjamin A.(2001)。Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China。Los Angeles:UCLA Asian Pacific Monograph Series。
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紀昀、永瑢(1974)。四庫全書總目。臺北:藝文印書館。
延伸查詢
14.
Hummel, Arthur W.(1943)。Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912)。Washington, DC:United States Government Printing Office。
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Guy, R. Kent(1987)。The Emperor's Four Treasuries: Scholars and the State in the Late Ch'ien- Lung Era。Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University Press。
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Horng, Wann-Sheng(1993)。Chinese Mathematics at the Turn of the 19th Century: Jiao Xun, Wang Lai and Li Rui。Philosophy and Conceptual History of Science in Taiwan。the Netherleands。
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Zürcher, Erik(1966)。Renaissance Rhetoric in Late Ming China: Alfonso Vagnoni's Introduction to His Science of Comparison。Western Humanistic Culture Presented to China by Jesuit Missionaries (17-18 Centuries)。Rome。
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詹嘉玲(1995)。From Louis XIV’s Court to Kanxi’s Court: An Institutional Analysis of the French Jesuit Mission to China (1688-1722)。East Asian Science: Tradition and Beyond。Osaka。
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詹嘉玲(1994)。Learning mathematical Sciences During the Early and Mid-Ch’ing。Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900。Berkeley。
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Sivin, Nathan(1973)。Copernicus in China。Colloquia Copernica II. Etudes sur l’audience de la theorie heliocentrique。Warsaw。
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橋本敬造(1970)。曆象考成の成立。明清時代の科學技術史。京都。
延伸查詢
22.
Wylie, Alexander(1970)。Notes on Chinese Literature。Notes on Chinese Literature。Taipei。
23.
Nicolas Standaert, S. J.(1994)。The Investigation of Things and the Fathoming of Principles (Ko wu ch%iung li) in the Seventeenth-Century Contact Between Jesuits and Chinese Scholars。Ferdinand Verbiest (1622-1688): Jesuit Missionary, Scientist, Engineer and Diplomat。Nettetal。
24.
祝平一(1999)。Western Astronomy and Evidential Study: Tai Chen on Astronomy。Current Perspectives in the History of Science in East Asia。Seoul。
25.
Sivin, Nathan(1995)。Why the scientific revolution did not take place in China-or didn’t it?。Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections (vol. 7)。Aldershot, Great Britain。
其他
1.
Hoe, Jock(1980)。Zhu Shijie and his ‘Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns’,Clayton, Australia。
2.
(清)羅士琳(1937)。四元玉鑒細草,上海。
延伸查詢
3.
(清)阮元(1962)。疇人傳,臺北。
延伸查詢
4.
(清)阮元(1961)。皇清經解,臺北。
延伸查詢
5.
(清)李汝珍(1985)。鏡花緣,臺北。
延伸查詢
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