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題名:法資訊學上法本體論研究的興起與發展之分析--一個基本哲學概念意義之轉換
書刊名:國立臺灣大學法學論叢
作者:陳顯武 引用關係陳世昌
作者(外文):Chen, Hsien-wuChen, Shih-chang
出版日期:2004
卷期:33:5
頁次:頁1-49
主題關鍵詞:本體論本體庫法資訊學綜效知識系統概念化法律本體庫缺乏連結本體論的承諾OntologyLegal informaticsRechtsinformatikSynergyKnowledge systemConceptualizationLegal ontologyMissing linkOntological commitment
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:20
  • 點閱點閱:20
”Ontology”一詞係源自於傳統的哲學領域中並被定義為:形上學的一個分支,它處理有關於存在之本質的問題。近年來,其在人工智慧關於知識工程學的領域中被廣泛地使用,並被指涉到「對某特定領域的一種清晰的概念化」。此一發展造成「ontology」一詞在人工智慧、領域中的意義發生了一定的轉換( transformation ; Transformation )。並且,由於「ontology」一詞在我國的人工智慧學界中尚無一個恰當的譯名,因此,本文之首要目的即在探討「ontology」一詞的各種使用意義及意義之間的轉換現象。本文認為,在中文的世界中,為了要與哲學意義下的「本體論(‘O’ntology )」 及資訊電腦學中一般的「資料庫( database ) 」 或「知識庫( knowledge base )」作出區分,乃建議將人工智慧學界中的“ 'o'ntology"一詞統一譯之為「本體庫」(或本體知識庫)。因此,在「人工智慧與法(AI and Law)」或「法與人工智慧( Law and AI)」的領域中,凡涉及對於法律的概念化理論系統,我們則稱之為「法律本體庫( legal ontology ) 」 。其次,本文也進一步批判地比較了目前構作法律本體庫所提出之四個主要的取向與理論模式,即:McCarty的法律論述語言(language for legal discourse : LLD) 、Stamper的規範形式主義(norma formalism NORMA )、Valente的法律功能本體庫(functional ontology of law : LFU)及Kralingen & Visser之框架基礎本體庫(frame-based ontology : FBO)。比較的標準原則上係依循Visser & Bench-Capon的看法,即:( 1)認識論的適切性(epistemological adequacy) ; (2)電腦的可操作性( operationa lity);及(3)可重複使用性(reusability) 。最後,本文認為,所有從人工智慧學家的觀點出發而提出的比較標准,是否真能符合法律人之觀點而能為法律人所接受,不無疑問。誠如Valente 所指出的,任何本體庫的設計應應、該要能克服「法律理論(legal theory)」與「法律資訊系統(legal information system)」 之問缺乏連結( missing link)的問題,並指出未來法律本體庫研究發展之努力方向。因此,本文進一步認為,此恰可形成「法與人工智慧」整合研究綜效產生之一個測試點,並且此也是從法學—或,法律人-之觀點出發來評價法律本體庫之重要性之所在。
期刊論文
1.Uschold, M.、Gruninger, M.(1996)。Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications。Knowledge Engineering Review,11(2),93-155。  new window
2.Studer, R.、Benjamins, V. R.、Fensel, D.(1998)。Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods。Data and Knowledge Engineering,25(1/2),161-197。  new window
3.Newell, A.(1982)。The knowledge level。Artificial Intelligence,18,87-127。  new window
4.陳顯武(19961200)。法律理論與邏輯程式化。政大法學評論,56,295-317。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Gruber, T. R.(1993)。A translation approach to portable ontology specifications。Knowledge acquisition,5(2),199-220。  new window
6.陳起行(20010400)。德國法資訊學。法學叢刊,46(2)=182,79-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.陳起行(20010300)。Dworkin法理學、融貫與法資訊系統。政大法學評論,65,1-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.McCarty, L. T.(1988)。Clausel Intuitionistic Logic I. Fixed-Point Semantics。Logic Programming,5,1-31。  new window
9.Moles, R. N.、Dayal, S.(1992)。There is More to Life than Logic。Journal of Information Science,3(2),188-218。  new window
10.Rissland, E. L.、Ashley, K. D.、Loui, R. P.(2003)。AI and Law: A Fruitful Synergy。Artificial Intelligence,150,1-15。  new window
11.Spyns, P.、Meersman, R.、Jarrar, M.(2002)。Special Section on Semantic Web and Data Management: Data Modelling Versus Ontology Engineering。ACM SIGMOD Record,31(4),12-17。  new window
12.Stamper, R. K.(1991)。The Role of Semantics in Legal Expert Systems and Legal Reasoning。Ratio Juris,4(2),219-244。  new window
13.De Vergara, J. E.、Villagra, V. A.、Asensio, J. I.、Berrocal, J.(2003)。Ontologies: Giving Semantics to Network Management Models。IEEE Network,17(3),15-21。  new window
14.Herberger, M.、廖緯民(1999)。法資訊學的發展有助提升正義嗎?。植根雜誌,15(7),35-44。  延伸查詢new window
15.Craven, M.(2000)。Learning to Construct Knowledge Bases from the World Wide Web。Artificial Intelligence,118,69-113。  new window
16.Cutkosky, M.(1993)。PACT: An Experiment in Integrating Concurrent Engineering Systems。IEEE Computer,26(1),28-37。  new window
17.Farquhar, A.、Fikes, R.、Rice, J.(1997)。The Ontolingua Server: A Tool for Collaborative Ontology Construction。Journal of Human-Computer Studies,46,707-727。  new window
18.Gangemi, A.、Pisanelli, D. M.、Steve, G.(1999)。An Overview of the ONIONS Project: Applying Ontologies to the Integration of Medical Terminologies。Data and Knowledge Engineering,31,183-220。  new window
19.Gruber, T. R.(1993)。Model Formulations as a Problem-Solving Task: Computer-Assisted Engineering Modeling。International Journal of Intelligent Systems,8,105-127。  new window
20.Visser, P. R. S.、Bench-Capon, T. J. M.(1998)。A Comparison of Four Legal Ontologies for the Design of Legal Knowledge Systems。Artificial Intelligence and Law,6(1),27-57。  new window
會議論文
1.MacGregor, R. M.(1994)。A Description Classifier for the Predicate Calculus。沒有紀錄。213-220。  new window
2.Mark, W.(1995)。Ontology as Knowledge Base Architechture。沒有紀錄。  new window
3.McCarty, L. T.(1989)。A Language for Legal Discourse, I. Basic Features。Vancouver, Canada。180-189。  new window
4.McCarty, L. T.(1993)。OWNERSHIP: A case Study in the Representation of Legal Concepts。沒有紀錄。  new window
5.Mommers, L.、Schmidt, A. H. J.、Oskamp, E. W.(1997)。Controversies in the Ontology and Law Debate。Melbourne, Australia。1-5。  new window
6.Rissland, E. L.、Ashley, K. D.(1987)。A Case-Based System for Trade Secrets law。沒有紀錄。60-66。  new window
7.Schreiber, G.、Wielinga, B. J.、Akkermans, J. M.、Van De Velde, W.(1994)。CML: The Common KADS Conceptual Modelling Language。Hoegaarden, Belgium。1-25。  new window
8.Van Der Vet, P. E.、Speel, P. H.、Mars, N. J. I.(1995)。Ontologies for Very Large Knowledge Bases in Material Science: A Case Study。Twente。  new window
9.陳顯武(2001)。補償條例之法條邏輯結構分析。臺北。219-242。  延伸查詢new window
10.Breuker, J. A.、Valente, A.、Winkels, R.(1997)。Legal Ontologies: A Functional View。Melbourne, Australia。23-36。  new window
11.Chandrasekaran, B.、Josephson, J. R.(1997)。The Ontology of Tasks and Methods。CA, USA。9-16。  new window
12.Fox, M. S.、Gruninger, M.(1994)。Ontologies for Enterprise Integration。The 2nd Conference on Cooperative Information Systems。Toronto。  new window
13.Guarino, N.、Carrara, M.、Giaretta, P.(1994)。Formalizing Ontological Commitment。Seattle, WA。  new window
14.Guarino, N.、Carrara, M.、Giaretta, P.(1994)。An Ontology of Meta-Level Categories。San Mateo, CA。270-280。  new window
15.Haft, F.、Jones, R. P.、Wetter, T.(1987)。A Natural Language Based Legal Expert System for Consultation and Tutoring - The LEX Project。沒有紀錄。75-83。  new window
16.Van, Kralingen, R. W.(1997)。A Conceptual Frame-Based Ontology for the Law。Melbourne, Australia。15-22。  new window
17.Visser, P. R. S.、Bench-Capon, T. J. M.(1996)。On the Reusability of Ontologies in Knowledge System Design。Zürich, Switzerland。256-261。  new window
18.Visser, P. R. S.、Bench-Capon, T. J. M.(1996)。The Formal Specification of a Legal Ontology。Tilburg, Netherlands。15-24。  new window
19.Wiederhold, G.(1994)。Interoperation, Mediation, and Ontologies。Tokyo, Japan。33-48。  new window
研究報告
1.Gruber, Thomas R.(1993)。Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing。0:Stanford University。  new window
2.Gruber, T. R.(1992)。Ontolingua: A Mechanism to Support Portable Ontologies。Palo Alto, CA。  new window
3.Wielinga, B.、Schreiber, A. T.、Jansweijer, W.、Anjewierden, A.、Van Harmelen, F.(1994)。Framework and Formalism for Expressing Ontologies。沒有紀錄。  new window
學位論文
1.陳顯武(1991)。Negation und Ausnahme - Die Eignung Nichtmonotoner Logik zur Repräsentation Juristischen Wissens,München, Germany。  new window
2.Van Heijst, G.(1995)。The Role of Ontologies in Knowledge Engineering,沒有紀錄。  new window
圖書
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2.Hart, H. L. A.(1961)。The concept of law。The Clarendon Press。  new window
3.Apel, K. O.(1973)。Transformation der Philosophie。Frankfurt am M.:Suhrkamp。  new window
4.Heidegger, Martin(1986)。Sein und Zeit。Tübingen:Niemeyer。  new window
5.Philipps, L.(2001)。An der Grenze von Vorsatz und Fahrlässigkeit - Ein Modell Multikriterieller Computergestutzer Entscheidungen。Festschrift für Claus Roxin zum 70. Geburstag am 15。Berlin, Germany/ New York, NY。  new window
6.Quine, W. V.(1953)。On What There Is?。From a Logical Point of View: 9 Logico-Philosophical Essays。Cambridge, MA。  new window
7.Stamper, R. K.(1980)。LEGOL: Modelling Legal Rules by Computer。Computer Science and Law。Cambridge。  new window
8.Stamper, R. K.(1996)。Signs, Information, Norms and Systems。Signs of Work。Berlin, Germany。  new window
9.Tracy, K. W.、Bouthoorn, P.(1997)。Object-Oriented artificial Intelligence Using C++。Object-Oriented artificial Intelligence Using C++。New York, NY。  new window
10.Valente, A.(1995)。Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach。Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach。Amsterdam, Netherlands。  new window
11.Visser, P. R. S.(1995)。Knowledge Specification for Multiple Legal Tasks: A Case Study of the Interaction Problem in the Legal Domain。Knowledge Specification for Multiple Legal Tasks: A Case Study of the Interaction Problem in the Legal Domain。The Hague, Netherlands。  new window
12.周北海(1996)。模態邏輯。模態邏輯。北京。  延伸查詢new window
13.Allen, R. E.(1991)。Controversies about Law's Ontology。Controversies about Law's Ontology。Edinburgh。  new window
14.Aristotle(1971)。Metaphysics, IV。Metaphysics, IV。Oxford。  new window
15.Bench-Capon, T. J. M.、Visser, P. R. S.(1996)。Deep Models, Ontologies and Legal Knowledge Based Systems。Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Legal Knowledge-Based Systems (JURIX'96)。Tilburg, Netherlands。  new window
16.Breuker, J. A.、Van De Velde, W.(1994)。CommonKADS Library for Expertise Modelling。Reusable Problem Solving Components。Amsterdam, Netherlands。  new window
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