國家認同初探--紐西蘭的經驗__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	國家認同初探--紐西蘭的經驗
書刊名：	臺灣國際研究季刊
作者：	闕河嘉
作者(外文)：	Chueh, Ho-chia
出版日期：	2006
卷期：	2:3
頁次：	頁27-46
主題關鍵詞：	認同；國家認同；紐西蘭；多元文化；雙文化；原住民
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:32

本文試圖提出一個認識紐西蘭國家認同發展的圖像。在紐西蘭，
國家認同的議題以不同的形式被討論已經很久了，包括民族認同、
民族意識、族群意識、或族群認同。「認同」的相關的學理建構在紐
西蘭早已耕耘多年，紐西蘭人在認同的思考的確顯示出其多樣性。
本文首先將說明歷史發展在紐西蘭社會討論國家認同的重要性。接
著再簡介紐西蘭學術界中關於認同觀點的特色。之後，本文提出影
響當今紐西蘭國家認同形塑的關鍵議題－雙文化論或多元文化論。
這兩論點的爭論也補充說明歷史發展的重要性；一方面，雙文化是
歷史以來紐西蘭社會所為承認毛利原住民在紐西蘭的主權與自我獨
立所做的努力。而多元文化是為了反應當今的紐西蘭社會人口族群
組成確實充滿著外來移民的事實。最後，本文將簡述三種當今紐西
蘭社會現況下「毛利認同」的面貌與意涵：傳統、強制、變動。藉
由這個討論說明，在不同國家認同主張爭論的現況裡，紐西蘭的毛
利原住民究竟可能如何表達其族群認同。

以文找文

This paper introduces the development of New Zealand’s national
identity in recent years. Given that no one discipline has a monopoly on
the concept of identities, in theorizing about national and ethnic identities
in New Zealand are various. This paper first explores the significance of
historical development around the topic of national identities, the ways in
which New Zealand national identities are historically patterned. This
historical development accounts for the nature of national identities as
socially constituted, dynamic and multi-layered. Historical development
also leads to the debates of biculturalism and multiculturalism for the
New Zealand society, and this is the main part for the next section. These
debates are aroused from the New Zealand Maori indigenous people’s
claim for a bicultural society, and the fact of current multicultural New
Zealand population compositions resulted from immigration policies
developed around 1970s and 1986. Last, because of the influences by
postmodern theories of multiplicity, fragmentary, contingency and
difference, the ‘Maori identities’ have been undergoing development. This
paper offers discussions of three discourses of Maori identities: fixed, fluid,
forced.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Hall, J. M.、Stevens, P. E.、Meleis, A. I.(1994)。Marginalization: a guiding concept for valuing diversity in nursing knowledge development。Advances in Nursing Science，16(4)，23-41。
2.	Bedford, R.、Ho, E.、Lidgard, J.(2002)。International Migration in New Zealand: Context, Components and Policy Issues。Journal of Population Issues。
3.	Berry, J. W.(1984)。Multicultural Policy in Canada: A Social Psychological Analysis。Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science，16(4)，353-370。
4.	Burke, H. K.(1986)。Review of Immigration Policy 1986。Appendices to the Journal of the House of Representatives。
5.	Hall, J.(1999)。Marginalization Revisited: Critical, Postmodern, and Liberation Perspectives。Advances in Nursing Science，22(2)，88-102。
6.	Ip, M.(2003)。Maori-Chinese Encounter: Indigine-immigrant Interaction in New Zealand。Asian Stuides Review，27，227-252。
7.	Pearson, D.(2002)。Theorizing Citizenship in British Settler Societies。Ethnic and Racial Studies，25(6)，989-1012。
8.	Sullivan, A.(2003)。Effecting Change Through Electoral Politics: Cultural Identity and the Maori Franchise。Journal of the Polynesian Society，112(3)，219-237。

研究報告
1.	Zodgekar, A.(1997)。Immigrants in New Zealand Society。Victoria University of Wellington。

圖書
1.	Fleras, Augie、Spoonley, Paul(1999)。Recalling Aotearoa: Indigenous Politics and Ethnic Relations in New Zealand。Oxford University Press。
2.	Durie, Mason(1998)。Te Mana Te Kawanatanga: The Politics of Maori Self-determination。Auckland：Oxford University Press。
3.	Smith, Linda Tuhiwai(1999)。Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples。Dunedin：University of Otago Press。
4.	Belich, J.(1996)。Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders from Polynesian Settlement to the End of the Nineteenth Century。Auckland：Allen Lane/The Penguin Press。
5.	Belich, J.(2001)。Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year 2000。Auckland：Alien Lane/Penguin。
6.	Bell, C.、Matthewman, S.(2004)。Cultural Studies in Aotearoa New Zealand。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
7.	Hardy, S.、Murphy, M.(2004)。In Defence of Multinational Citizenship。Cardiff：University of Wales Press。
8.	King, M.(1991)。Pakeha: The Quest for Identity in New Zealand。Auckland：Penguin。
9.	King, M.(2003)。The Penguin History of New Zealand。Auckland：Penguin。
10.	McKinnon, M.(1996)。Immigrants and Citizens: New Zealanders and Asian Immigration in Historical Context。Wellington：Institute of Policy Studies。
11.	MacPherson, C.、Spoonley, P.、Anae, M.(2001)。Tangata O Te Moana Nui: The Evolving Identities of Pacific Peoples in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
12.	Liu, J.、McCreanor, T.、McIntosh, T.、Teaiwa, T.(2005)。New Zealand Identities: Departures and Destinations。Wellington：Victoria University Press。
13.	New Zealand Immigration Services(1995)。New Zealand's Targeted Immigration Policies: Summary of October 1995 Policy Changes。Wellington：New Zealand Immigration Services。
14.	Pearson, D.(2001)。The Politics of Ethnicity in Settler Societies: States of Unease。Basingstoke：Palgrave。
15.	Salmond, A.(1991)。Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans。Auckland：Viking。
16.	Salmond, A.(1997)。Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815。Auckland：Viking。
17.	Song, M.(2003)。Choosing Ethnic Identity。Cambridge：Polity Press。
18.	Spoonley, P.、Pearson, D.、Macpherson, C.(1990)。Nga Take: Ethnic Relations and Racism in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
19.	Spoonley, P.、MacPherson, C.、Pearson, D.(1996)。Nga Patai: Racism and Ethnic Relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
20.	Spoonley, P.、MacPherson, C.、Pearson, D.(1991)。Nga Take: Ethnic Relations and Ethnicity in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
21.	Spoonley, P.、MacPherson, C.、Pearson, D.(1984)。Tauiwi: Racism and Ethnicity in New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
22.	Spoonley, P.、Trlin, A. D.(2004)。Immigration, immigrants and the media : making sense of multicultural New Zealand。Palmerston North：New Settlers Programme, Massey University。
23.	Spoonley, P.(1988)。Racism and Ethnicity。Auckland：Oxford University Press。
24.	Statistics New Zealand(2003)。Demographic Trends 2003。Wellington：Statistics New Zealand。
25.	Statistics New Zealand(1998)。Maori, Pacific Island and Asian Population Projections。Wellington：Statistics New Zealand。
26.	Spoonley, P.、MacPherson, C.、Pearson, D.(2004)。Tangata Tangata: The Changing Ethnic Contours of New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
27.	Walker, R.(1996)。Nga Pepa A Ranginui: The Walker Papers。Auckland：Penguin。
28.	Walker, Ranginui(1990)。Ka Whawhai tonu Matou: Struggle without End。Auckland：Penguin Book。
29.	Ministry of Maori Development(2000)。Progress towards closing social and economic gaps between Māori and non-Maori: a report to the Minister of Maori Affairs。Wellington：Te Puni Kōkiri。
30.	Walker, R.(2004)。Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle without End。Auckland：Penguin。
31.	Fukuyama, Francis Yoshihiro(1992)。The End of History and the Last Man。Free Press。
32.	Kymlicka, Will(1995)。Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights。Clarendon Press。

其他
1.	Barrett, D.(20030903)。Minister to set ‘Britishness test’ for immigrants，http://www.independ ent.co.uk。
2.	Centre for Applied and Cultural Research(2004)。Immigrant Employment Research Summary, Immigrant Employment: A Study of Recruitment Agencies' Response to New Zealand and Chinese Candidate，http://www.vuw.ac.nz/cacr。
3.	Ward, C.，Masgoret, A.(2004)。New Zealander’s Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Immigration，http://www.vuw.ac.nz/cacr。

圖書論文
1.	Weeks, Jeffrey(1990)。The Value of Difference。Identity: Community, Culture, Difference。London：Lawrence and Wishart。
2.	Hall, S.(1992)。The Question of Cultural Identity。Modernity and Its Futures。London：Cambridge：Polity Press。
3.	Ip, M.(2000)。Beyond the Settler and Astronaut Paradigm: A New Approach to the Study of the New Chinese Immigrants to New Zealand。Migration and Travel Between Asia and New Zealand。Auckland：AsiaPacific Migration Research Network。
4.	Maaka, Roger、Fleras, Augie(2000)。Engaging with Indigeneity: Tino Rangatiratanga in Aotearoa。Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
5.	Liu, J.、McCreanor, T.、McIntosh, T.、Teaiwa, T.(2005)。Introduction: Constucting New Zealand identities。New Zealand Identities: Departures and Destinations。Wellington：Victoria University Press。
6.	McIntosh, T.(2001)。Hibiscus in the Flax Bush: the Maori-Pacitic Interface。Tangata O Te Moana Nui: The Evolving Identities of Pacific Peoples in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
7.	McIntosh, T.(2004)。Living Southside。Almighty Auckland。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
8.	McIntosh, T.(2005)。Maori Identities: Fix, Fluid, Forced。New Zealand Identities: Departures and Destinations。Wellington：Victoria University Press。
9.	McMillan, K.(2005)。Developing Citizens: Subjects, Aliens and Citizens in New Zealand Citizen Policy Since 1840。Tangata Tangata: The Changing Ethnic Contours of New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
10.	Murphy, N.(2003)。Joe Lum Vs The Attorney General: The Politics of Exclusion。Unfolding History, Evolving Identity: The Chinese in New Zealand。Auckland：Auckland University Press。
11.	Pearson, D.(2005)。Rethinking Citizenship in Aotearoa New Zealand。Tangata, Tangata: The Changing Ethnic Contours of New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
12.	Poata-Smith, E.(1996)。He Pokeke Uenuku I Tu Ai: The evolution of contemporary Maori protest。Nga Patai: Racism and Ethnicity in Aotearoa/New Zealand。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
13.	Trlin, A.(1992)。Change and Continuity: New Zealand's Immigration Policy in the Late 1980s。New Zealand and International Migration: A Digest and Bibliography。Palmerston North：Massey University。
14.	Walker, R.(1995)。Immigration Policy and the Political Economy of New Zealand。Immigration and National Identity in New Zealand: One People, Two Peoples, Many Peoples?。Palmerston North：Dunmore Press。
15.	Zodgekar, Arvind V.(2005)。The Changing Face of New Zealand’s Population and National Identity。New Zealand Identities: Departures and Destinations。Wellington：Victoria University Press。

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