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題名:歐盟與美國的權力關係:「柔性平衡」的適用性
書刊名:問題與研究
作者:甘逸驊
作者(外文):Kan, Francis
出版日期:2008
卷期:47:2
頁次:頁1-24
主題關鍵詞:歐洲聯盟權力平衡柔性平衡歐美關係美歐關係多邊主義European UnionBalance of powerSoft balancingEuro-American relationsMultilateralism
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(10) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:10
  • 共同引用共同引用:24
  • 點閱點閱:108
在一個以美國為首的後冷戰單極國際體系中,次級強權與美國之間的動態性權力安排,將直接影響單極體系是否得以續存。傳統國際關係理論主張「權力平衡」是維持國際社會與區域安全的穩定要素,但該理論針對的是強權間為維持軍事戰略利益,所採取以軍事力量做為手段的平衡關係,對於後冷戰時期美國與其他次級強權的互動,似乎缺乏解釋的效力。在這些次級強權當中,歐洲聯盟扮演一個非常特殊的角色。歐洲與美國同享重要的文化與宗教價值,但在具戰略意義的議題上,兩者的歧見卻益形明顯。歐盟在重大國際議題上與美國的背道而馳,已形成對於此一超強的抗衡作用,但是傳統強調軍事力量的「硬性平衡」概念,無法有效解釋歐盟所發揮以軍事以外手段進行對美國的平衡。本文試圖提出「柔性平衡」的相對概念,亦即次級強權試圖以軍事力量以外的手段,獲致抗衡超強達成其戰略利益的目的,並以此來檢驗歐洲與美國在後冷戰時期的關係,是否存在系統性的柔性平衡。本文首先強調傳統權力平衡理論在解釋後冷戰時期單極體系的不足,並提出以柔性平衡的論述做為補充;在實際的個案方面,本文特別著重在歐洲聯盟於後冷戰時期與美國在重要國際議題上的歧異,並因此檢驗是否形成對美國的柔性平衡策略;本文在結論部分,除了試圖在理論的層次,提出柔性平衡對於權力平衡理論的適用與補充之外,也期待在政策方面,提出次級強權的個別或聯盟可能藉由柔性平衡方式,產生對於新時期國際體系可能轉換的影響。
期刊論文
1.楊三億(20020300)。後冷戰時期中、東歐地區權力結構分析。問題與研究,41(2),89-103。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Kagan, Robert(2002)。Power and Weakness。Policy Review,113,1-21。  new window
3.陳欣之(20060300)。單極體系的形成、維繫與轉換。問題與研究,45(2),111-140。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Krauthammer, Charles(2002)。The Unipolar Moment Revisited。The National Interest,70,5-18。  new window
5.Voeten, Erik(2001)。Outside Options and the Logic of Security Council Action。American Political Science Review,95(4),845-858。  new window
6.Arreguín-Toft, Ivan(2001)。How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict。International Security,26(1),93-128。  new window
7.Layne, Christopher(1993)。The Unipolar Illusion: Why the New Power Will Rise。International Security,17(4),5-51。  new window
8.張嘉斌(20070700)。論歐洲安全暨防衛政策非軍事工具之建構與發展。歐洲國際評論,3,45-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Brooks, Stephen G.、Wohlforth, William C.(2005)。Hard Times for Soft Balancing。International Security,30(1),72-108。  new window
10.Brooks, Stephen G.、Wohlforth, William C.(2002)。American Primacy in Perspective。Foreign Affairs,81(4),20-33。  new window
11.Kupchan, Charles A.(1998)。After Pax Americana: Benign Power, Regional Integration, and the Sources of a Stable Multipolarity。International Security,23(2),40-79。  new window
12.Wohlforth, William C.(1999)。The Stability of A Unipolar World。International Security,24(1),5-41。  new window
13.Waltz, Kenneth N.(2000)。Structural Realism After the Cold War。International Security,25(1),5-41。  new window
14.Mearsheimer, John J.(1990)。Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War。International Security,15(1),5-56。  new window
15.Friedberg, Aaron L.(1993)。Ripe for Rivalry: Prospects for Peace in a Multipolar Asia。International Security,18(3),5-33。  new window
16.Ikenberry, G. John(2004)。The End of the Neo-Conservative Moment。Survival,46(1),7-22。  new window
17.Lieber, Keir A.、Alexander, Gerard(2005)。Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back。International Security,30(1),109-139。  new window
18.Pape, Robert Anthony(2005)。Soft Balancing Against the United States。International Security,30(1),7-45。  new window
19.門洪華(20060700)。美國霸權與國際秩序:一項歷史分析。遠景基金會季刊,7(3),37-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Wendt, Alexander(1995)。Constructing International Politics。International Security,20(1),71-81。  new window
21.Paul, T. V.(2005)。Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primary。International Security,30(1),46-71。  new window
22.Layne, Christopher(2003)。America as European Hegemon。National Interest,72,17-28。  new window
23.Papayoanou, Paul A.(1996)。Interdependence, Institutions and the Balance of Power。International Security,20(4),42-76。  new window
24.Ikenberry, G. John(1999)。Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of the American Post-war Order。International Security,23(3),43-78。  new window
25.Brown, Bernard E.(2002)。Are Americans from Mars, Europeans from Venus?。American Foreign Policy Interests,24(6),481-489。  new window
26.Walt, Stephen M.(2002)。Beyond bin Laden: Reshaping U.S. Foreign Policy。International Security,26(3),56-78。  new window
27.Kapstein, Ethan B.(2002)。Allies and Armaments。Survival,44(2),141-160。  new window
28.Lindley-French, Julian(2004)。In the Shadow of Locarno? Why European Defense Is Failing?。International Affairs,78(4),789-811。  new window
29.Neuwahl, Nanette(2003)。The Atlantic Alliance: For Better or for Wars。European Foreign Affairs Review,8(4),427-434。  new window
30.Neuhold, Hanspeter(2003)。Transatlantic Turbulences: Rift or Ripples?。European Foreign Affairs Review,8(4),458-459。  new window
31.Gordon, Philip H.(200301)。Bridging the Atlantic Divide。Foreign Affairs,82(1),70-83。  new window
32.Drozdiak, William(2005)。The North Atlantic Drift。Foreign Affairs,84(1),88-98。  new window
圖書
1.Waltz, Kenneth N.(1979)。Theory of International Politic。Reading, Mass:Addison-Wesley Pub. Co。  new window
2.Kupchan, Charles A.(2002)。The End of American Era: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-first Century。New York, NY:Alfred A. Knopf。  new window
3.Gnesotto, Nicole、Jean-Yves, Haine(2004)。European Defence: A Proposal for a White Paper。Paris, France:European Union Institute for Security Studies。  new window
4.Vasquez, John、Elman, Colin(2003)。Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate。Upper Saddle River:Prentice Hall。  new window
5.Morgan, Patrick M.(2003)。Deterrence Now。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Wendt, Alexander E.(1999)。Social Theory of International Politics。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
7.Finnemore, Martha(2003)。The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force。Cornell University Press。  new window
8.Walt, Stephen M.(1987)。The Origins of Alliances。Cornell University Press。  new window
9.Mearsheimer, John J.、Alterman, G.(2001)。The Tragedy of Great Power Politics。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
10.Kagan, Robert(2003)。Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order。Alfred A. Knopf。  new window
11.Walt, Stephen M.(2002)。Keeping the World 'Off-balance'。America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power。Ithaca, NY。  new window
12.(2005)。EU Security and Defence Policy: The First Five Years, 1999-2004。EU Security and Defence Policy: The First Five Years, 1999-2004。Paris, France。  new window
13.Cui, Zhiyuan(2004)。The Bush Doctrine: A Chinese Perspective。American Power in the Twenty-first Century。Cambridge, UK。  new window
14.Lipschutz, Ronnie D.(2000)。After Authority: War, Peace and Global Politics in the 21st Century。After Authority: War, Peace and Global Politics in the 21st Century。Albany, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.Ross, Robert S.(2004)。Bipolarity and Balancing in East Asia。Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century。Stanford, California:Stanford University Press。  new window
2.Paul, Thazha Varkey(2004)。Introduction: The Enduring Axioms of Balance of Power Theory and Their Contemporary Relevance。Balance of Power: Theory and Practice In The 21st Century。Stanford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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