:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:聯盟的本質:解釋後冷戰時期的北約存續
作者:陳麒安
作者(外文):Chen Chi An
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:外交研究所
指導教授:李明
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:聯盟理論北大西洋公約組織新現實主義新自由主義建構主義權力平衡威脅平衡扈從利益推卸責任民主和平論安全共同體theory of alliancesNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)neorealismneoliberalismconstructivismbalance of powerbalance of threatbandwagon for profitbuckpassingtheory of democratic peacesecurity community
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:72
第二次世界大戰結束以後,以美國為首的西方國家為了嚇阻蘇聯的入侵,遂成立了北大西洋公約組織。這也標誌著冷戰時期美蘇兩強對峙的局面。冷戰結束以後,許多學者因而預言北約即將瓦解。但多年以來,北約卻依然存在,更歷經了三次東擴。本文寫作的目的,便欲透過重新檢視國際關係理論三大主要學派的觀點,對於後冷戰時期的北約存續提出解釋。
在現實主義學者陣營中,摩根索與華爾滋的「權力平衡」論點與北約發展的史實不符;施韋勒的「扈從利益」論點僅部分解釋了國家聯盟行為,對於「扈從」概念的界定又出現前後不一;米爾斯海默的「推卸責任」論點試圖同時涵蓋「制衡」與「不制衡」兩種選項,而純粹的「推卸責任」策略又必須依賴其他國家願意承擔,因此不易成功。瓦特的「威脅平衡」理論雖仍有不足之處,但較適合解釋本文的個案。筆者認為,後冷戰時期的北約便是面臨了大規模毀滅性武器擴散、俄羅斯存在與恐怖主義等威脅,才強化了盟國繼續合作的意願。
從新自由主義學者的觀點而言,國家若欲在無政府狀態的國際體系中維持合作關係,便需要以互惠為基礎而運作的國際制度。當國際制度能隨著成員的需求而調整時,就能獲得更多支持。由於美國的優勢國力受到北約的制度規範與集體決策機制削弱,又具有軟權力的勸服力量,遂吸引了中、東歐國家加入聯盟。此外,民主國家之間較不容易發生戰爭。這些因素都維繫了北約盟國在後冷戰時期的合作關係。
由於後冷戰時期的北約在訴求「內群體」偏袒的同時,卻未激化「外群體」歧視。建構主義學者認為,若隨著聯盟關係的發展,成員之間能培養出休戚與共的集體身份,將個別的國家安全問題視同為集體的安全議題時,彼此便超越了傳統軍事聯盟在攻擊與防禦上合作的功能,而達到安全共同體的境界。北約所具備的規範特性也進一步增強了其對盟國的型塑能力。
聯盟的本質在於合作。但關鍵是國家為何合作、如何促進合作,以及如何決定合作對象或競爭對手。事實上,後冷戰時期的北約並未放棄對付共同威脅的核心目標,卻也逐漸發展出安全管理的功能,不但參與了維和行動,也建立起和俄羅斯與烏克蘭的對話機制,更凝聚了盟國的信念而形成具有集體身份的安全共同體。
In the aftermath of WWII, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), mainly led by the U.S., was formed to deter U.S.S.R.’s aggression. This organization signified the bipolar system of international relations. When the Cold War came to an end, many scholars once predicted NATO would collapse. However, the alliance still endures for decades and enlarges eastward three times. The purpose of the dissertation is to reappraise the perspectives from three major schools of International Relation theory and provide some explanation of NATO’s endurance in the post-Cold War era.
In the camp of realists, the balance-of-power theory raised by Hans J. Morgenthau and Kenneth N. Waltz is inconsistent with the facts of NATO’s development. The bandwagon-for-profit theory proposed by Randall L. Schweller only gives partial explanation of international alliances and takes a contradictory position on the concept of bandwagon. The buck-passing theory maintained by John J. Mearsheimer tries to include both the options of balance and not-balance on the one hand, while depends heavily on other states’ willingness to take the responsibility of balance on the other hand. As far as we know, the latter seldom results in success. Although the balance-of-threat theory sustained by Stephen M. Walt still has some shortcomings, it can provide a better explanation of the case discussed in the dissertation. This author concludes that NATO faces multiple threats of the spread of WMD, the existence of Russia and transnational terrorism in the post-Cold War era. That’s why the allies continue to cooperate.
From the standing points of neo-liberalists, if states want to maintain cooperation under the anarchical international system, they will need international institutions based on reciprocity. When international institutions can be adjusted with the demand of their member states, they will obtain more supports. Because the primacy of the U.S. was reduced by the institutional rules and joint decision making process in NATO and accompanied with persuasive soft power, some Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) were drew to join the alliance. Moreover, there are few wars among democracies. For all these reasons, NATO still survives until now.
When NATO seeks to develop in-group favoritism in the post-Cold War era, it does not activate out-group discrimination. Constructivists state that if members of alliances can cultivate their collective identities and transform national security problems into collective ones, they can go beyond traditional military alliances and become security communities. Features of norms in NATO also strengthen their capabilities in shaping the alliance.
The essence of alliance is cooperation. Its key points for states lie in why they cooperate, how to facilitate their cooperation and how to choose their partners or opponents. As a matter of fact, in the aftermath of the Cold War, NATO doesn’t give up its core purpose of fighting against common threats, while it develops the function of security management gradually. Besides, NATO takes part in the peace-keeping operations and builds the mechanisms for communication with Russia and Ukraine. In the end, NATO solidates the belief from its member states and turns into a security community of collective identity.
一、中文專書
1.中國現代國際關係研究所(2002),《上海合作組織:新安全觀與新機制》,北京:時事出版社。
2.尹繼武(2009),《社會認知與聯盟信任形成》,上海:上海人民出版社。
3.李少軍(2002),《國際政治學概論》,上海:上海人民出版社。
4.李斌(2010),《廢約運動與民國政治(1919-1931)》,長沙:湖南人民出版社。
5.周丕啟(2005),《合法性與大戰略︰北約體系內美國的霸權護持》,北京:北京大學出版社。
6.孫德剛(2007),《多元平衡與“準聯盟”理論研究》,北京:時事出版社。
7.張忠紱編著(1977),《中華民國外交史(第4版)》,台北:正中書局。
8.莫大華(2003),《建構主義國際關係理論與安全研究》,台北:時英出版社。new window
9.劉彥原撰(1990),李方晨增補,《中國外交史(第4版)》,台北:三民書局。
10.蘇浩(2003),《亞太合作安全研究》,北京:世界知識出版社。

二、中文期刊
1.Alexander Wendt(2001),〈國際政治中的三種無政府文化〉,《美歐季刊》,15:2,153-198。
2.王元綱(2003),〈樂觀的現實主義:國際關係守勢現實主義之評析〉,《國際關係學報》,18,41-58。new window
3.王高成(1997),〈「安全兩難」下的兩岸外交競爭〉,《問題與研究》,36:12,23-35。new window
4.王高成(2004),〈戰爭的研究:一個現實主義的觀點〉,《哲學與文化》,31:4,5-23。new window
5.包宗和(2003),〈現實主義之自我論辯及其與批判理論間之解構與建構〉,《國際關係學報》,18,1-18。new window
6.甘逸驊(2003),〈北約東擴:軍事聯盟的變遷與政治意涵〉,《問題與研究》,42:4,1-24。new window
7.甘逸驊(2003),〈冷戰結束後的北約與國際關係理論〉,《問題與研究》,42:5,1-23。new window
8.甘逸驊(2008),〈歐盟與美國的權力關係:『柔性平衡』的適用性〉,《問題與研究》,47:2,1-24。new window
9.石之瑜(2001),〈做為藝術的政治學─兼評建構主義的科學哲學立場〉,《美歐季刊》,15:2,293-310。
10.林碧炤(1989),〈國際關係的新現實主義與新自由主義〉,《政治學報》,17,129-181。new window
11.秦亞青(2001),〈國際政治的社會建構-溫特及其建構主義國際政治理論〉,《美歐季刊》,15:2,231-264。
12.袁易(2001),〈對Alexander Wendt有關國家身份與利益分析的批判:以國際防擴散建制為例〉,《美歐季刊》,15:2,265-291。
13.莫大華(1999),〈論國際關係理論中的建構主義〉,《問題與研究》,38:9,93-109。new window
14.莫大華(2000),〈國際關係理論大辯論研究的評析〉,《問題與研究》,39:12,65-90。new window
15.莫大華(2003),〈理性主義與建構主義的辯論:國際關係理論的另一次大辯論?〉,《政治科學論叢》,19,113-138。new window
16.莫大華(2006),〈國際關係建構主義理論內部的建橋計劃:知識論的對話與綜合〉,《復興崗學報》,87,231-240。new window
17.莫大華(2010),〈國際關係建構主義理論的心物二元論:Alexander Wendt量子社會科學理論的分析與批判〉,《問題與研究》, 49:1,29-58。new window
18.莫大華,(2000),〈治絲愈棻的國際關係理論研究—對黃旻華先生的評論之回應〉,《問題與研究》,39:11,95-101。new window
19.陳一新(1991),〈從聯盟理論看亞太新安全體系〉,《美國月刊》,6:6,50-57。
20.黃旻華(2000),〈評「國際關係理論中的建構主義〉,《問題與研究》,39:11,71-94。new window
21.鄭端耀(2001),〈國際關係「社會建構主義理論」之評析〉,《美歐季刊》,15:2,199-229。
22.鄭端耀(2003),〈國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主理論爭辯之評析〉,《問題與研究》,42:2,1-21。new window
23.鄭端耀(2005),〈國際關係新古典現實主義理論〉,《問題與研究》,44:1,115-140。new window
24.盧業中(2001),〈主要國際關係理論中新現實主義、新自由制度主義與建構主義之比較研究〉,《中山人文社會科學期刊》,9:2,21-52。new window
25.盧業中(2002),〈論國際關係理論之新自由制度主義〉,《問題與研究》,41:2,43-67。new window

三、英文專書
1.Alagappa, Muthiah (ed.) 2003. Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
2.Allison, Graham T., Owen R. Cote, Jr., Richard A. Falkenrath, and Steven E. Miller, 1996. Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy: Containing the Threat of Loose Russian Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
3.Allison, Graham T., and Philip D. Zelikow, 1999. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2nd edition. New York: Longman.
4.Art, Robert J., 2003. A Grand Strategy for America. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
5.Axelrod, Robert, 1997. The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-based Models of Competition and Collaboration. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
6.Axelrod, Robert, 2006. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
7.Baldwin, David A. (ed.) 1993. Neorealism and Neoliberialism: The Contemporary Debate. New York: Columbia University Press.
8.Blair, Bruce G., 1993. The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
9.Brown, Michael E., Owen R. Cote Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller (eds.) 2004. Offense, Defense and War. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
10.Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 2004. The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership. New York: Basic Books.
11.Buzan, Barry, Charles Jones, and Richard Little, 1993. The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism. New York: Columbia University Press.
12.Buzan, Barry, and Richard Little, 2000. International Systems in World History—Remaking the Study of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13.Buzan, Barry, Ole Wæver, and Jaap de Wild, 1997. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
14.Carlsnaes, Walter, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons (eds.) 2002. Handbook of International Relations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE.
15.Carr, E. H., 1946. The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919-1939. London: Macmillan.
16.Carter, Ashton B., and William J. Perry, 1999. Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
17.Chari, Chandra (ed.) 2007. War, Peace and Hegemony in a Globalized World: The Changing Balance of Power in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge.
18.Checkel, Jeffrey, 1997. Ideas and International Political Change: Soviet/Russian Behavior and the End of the Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
19.Christopher, Warren, 1998. In the Stream of History: Shaping Foreign Policy for a New Era. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
20.Claude, Inis L., 1962. Power and International Relations. New York: Random.
21.Cooper, Richard N., 1968. The Economics of Interdependence: Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community. New York: Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by McGraw-Hill.
22.Crawford, Robert M.A., 1996. Regime Theory in the Post-Cold War World: Rethinking Neoliberal Approaches to International Relations. Brookfield Vt.: Dartmouth.
23.David, Steven R., 1991. Choosing Sides: Alignment and Realignment in the Third World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
24.Deutsch, Karl W., 1957. Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
25.Donnelly, Jack, 2000. Realism and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
26.Dunne, Tim et al., (eds.) 1998. The Eighty Years' Crisis: International Relations 1919-1999. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27.Elman, Colin, and Miriam Fendius Elman (eds.) 2003. Progress in International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
28.Evera, Stephen Van, 1997. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
29.Evera, Stephen Van, 1999. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
30.Finnemore, Martha, 1996. National Interests in International Society. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
31.Frederking, Brian, 2000. Resolving Security Dilemmas: A Constructivist Explanation of the INF Treaty. London: Ashgate Press.
32.Fukuyama, Francis, 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International.
33.Gaddis, John Lewis, 1982. Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
34.Gaddis, John Lewis, 1987. The Long Peace: Inquiries into The History of the Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press.
35.Gaddis, John Lewis, 1997. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. New York: Oxford University Press.
36.George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett, 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
37.Gheciu, Alexandra, 2005. NATO in the “new Europe”: The Politics of International Socialization after the Cold War. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
38.Giddens, Anthony, 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
39.Gilpin, Robert, 1975. U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation: The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment. New York: Basic Books.
40.Goldstein, Judith, and Robert O. Keohane (eds.) 1993. Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
41.Guoqi, Xu, 2005. China and The Great War: China’s Pursuit of a New National Identity and Internationalization. Cambridge University Press.
42.Guzzini, Stefano, and Anna Leander (eds.) 2005. Constructivism and International Relations: Alexander Wendt and his Critics. London: Routledge.
43.Haftendorn, Helga, Robert O. Keohane, and Celeste A. Wallander, 1999. Imperfect Unions: Security Institutions over Time and Space. New York: Oxford University Press.
44.Hansen, Birthe, 2011. Unipolarity and World Politics: A Theory and Its Implications. New York: Routledge.
45.Hansen, Birthe, Peter Toft and Anders Wivel, 2009. Security Strategies and American World Order: Lost Power. New York: Routledge.
46.Harris, George S., 1972. Troubled Alliance: Turkish-American Problems in Historical Perspective, 1945-1971. Washington, D. C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
47.He, Kai, 2009. Institutional Balancing in the Asia Pacific: Economic Interdependence and China’s Rise. New York: Routledge.
48.Holsti, K. J., 1988. International Politics: A Framework for Analysis. New York: Pretice-Hall.
49.Hui, Victoria Tin-bor, 2005. War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
50.Holsti, K. J., 1987. International Politics: A Framework for Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
51.Ikenberry, G. John (ed.) 2002. America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
52.Ikenberry, G. John, 2001. After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
53.Jebb, Cindy R., 2004. Bridging the Gap: Ethnicity, Legitimacy, and State Alignment in the International System. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
54.Jervis, Robert, and Jack Snyder (eds.) 1991. Dominoes and Bandwagons: Strategic Beliefs and Great Power Competition in the Eurasian Rimland. New York: Oxford University Press.
55.Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed.) 1996. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
56.Kegley, Charles W., 1995. Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
57.Kennedy, Paul M., 1987. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000. New York: Vintage Books.
58.Keohane, Robert O., and Helen V. Milner (eds.) 1996. Internationalization and Domestic Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
59.Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr., (eds.) 1972. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
60.Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr., 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston: Little Brown.
61.Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr., 2001. Power and Interdependence, 3rd edition. New York: Longman.
62.Keohane, Robert O., Joseph S. Nye, and Stanley Hoffmann (eds.) 1993. After the Cold War: International Institutions and State Strategies in Europe, 1989-1991. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
63.Keohane, Robert O. (ed.) 1986. Neorealism and Its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press.
64.Keohane, Robert O., 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
65.Keohane, Robert O., 1989. International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. Boulder: Westview Press.
66.Keohane, Robert O., 2002. Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World. New York: Routledge.
67.King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba, 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
68.Krasner, Stephen D., 1983. International Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
69.Kratochwil, Friedrich V., 1989. Rules, Norms, and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs. New York: Cambridge University Press.
70.Krauthammer, Charles, 2004. Democratic Realism: An American Foreign Policy for a Unipolar World. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press.
71.Kubalkova, Vendulka, Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, and Paul Kowert, 1998. International Relations in a Constructed World. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
72.Lapid, Yosef, and Friedrich Kratochwil (eds.) 1996. The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
73.Larson, Deborah Welch, 1985. Origins of Containment: A Psychological Explanation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
74.Layne, Christopher, 2006. The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
75.Lilley, James R., and Chuck Downs (eds.), 1997. Crisis in the Taiwan Strait. Ft. McNair, Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.
76.Liska, George, 1962. Nations in Alliances: The Limits of Interdependence. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
77.Lobell, Steven E., Norrin M. Ripsman, Jeffrey W. Taliaferro (eds.) 2009. Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
78.Maddison, Angus, 2001. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
79.Mandelbaum, Michael, 1981. The Nuclear Revolution: International Politics Before and After Hiroshima. New York: Cambridge University.
80.Martin, Lisa L., and Beth A. Simmons (eds.) 2001. International Institutions: An International Organization Reader. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
81.McMahon, K. Scott, 1997. Pursuit of the Shield: The U.S. Quest for Limited Ballistic Missile Defense. New York: University Press of American.
82.Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt, 2007. The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
83.Miglietta, John P., 2002. American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
84.Miller, Benjamin, 2007. States, Nations, and the Great Powers: The Sources of Regional War and Peace. New York: Cambridge University Press.
85.Moore, Rebecca R., 2007. NATO’s New Mission: Projecting Stability in a Post-Cold War World. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International.
86.Morgenthau, Hans J., 1985. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 6th edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
87.Mowle, Thomas S., and David H. Sacko, 2007. The Unipolar World: An Unbalanced Future. New York: Palgrave.
88.Mueller, John, 2004. The Remnants of War. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
89.Neumann, Iver, and Ole Waver (eds.) 1997. The Future of International Relations: Masters in the Making. New York: Routledge.
90.Nye, Joseph S., Jr., 1990. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books.
91.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 2002. The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone. Oxford University Press.
92.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 2006. Soft power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
93.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 2009. Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History, 7th edition. New York: Longman.
94.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 2011. The Future of Power. New York: Public Affairs.
95.Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood, 1989. World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
96.Osgood, Robert E., 1968. Alliances and American Foreign Policy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
97.Owen, John M., 1997. Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American Politics and International Security. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
98.Oye, Kenneth A., (ed.) 1985. Cooperation under Anarchy. Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press.
99.Pressman, Jeremy, 2008. Warring Friends: Alliance Restraint in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
100.Rauchhaus, Robert W. (ed.) 2001. Explaining NATO Enlargement. London: Frank Cass.
101.Ray, James Lee, 1998. Democracy and International Conflict: An Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Proposition. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.
102.Reiter, Dan, 1996. Crucible of Beliefs: Learning, Alliances, and World Wars. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
103.Reiter, Dan, and Allan C. Stam, 2002. Democracies at War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
104.Reiter, Erich and Heinz Gärtner (eds.) 2001. Small States and Alliances. New York: Physica-Verlag.
105.Reus-Smit, Christian and Duncan Snidal (eds.) 2008. The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
106.Risse-Kappen, Thomas, 1995. Cooperation among Democracies: The European Influence on US Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
107.Rittberger, Volker and Peter Mayer (eds.) 1993. Regime Theory and International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press.
108.Rosecrance, Richard N., 1986. The Rise of the Trading State. New York: Basic Books.
109.Rosenau, James, and Ernst-Otto Czempiel (eds.) 1992. Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
110.Rousseau, David L., 2006. Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
111.Ruggie, John G., 1998. Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization. New York: Routledge.
112.Russett, Bruce M. (ed.) 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for Post Cold War World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
113.Russett, Bruce M. and John R. Oneal, 2001. Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. New York: W. W. Norton.
114.Rynning, Sten, 2005. NATO Renewed: The Power and Purpose of Transatlantic Cooperation. New York: Palgrave.
115.Schimmelfennig, Frank, 2003. The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe: Rules and Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
116.Schroeder, Paul, 1994. The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848. Oxford: Clarendon.
117.Schweller, Randall L., 1998. Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest. New York: Columbia University Press.
118.Schweller, Randall L., 2006. Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University.
119.Sil, Rudra and Peter J. Katzenstein, 2010. Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in World Politics. New York: Palgrave.
120.Smith, Steve, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski (eds.) 1996. International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
121.Snyder, Glenn H., 1997. Alliance Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
122.Snyder, Jack, 1991. Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
123.Stein, Arthur A., 1990. Why Nations Cooperate: Circumstance and Choice in International Relations. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
124.Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., 2004. Balancing Risks: Great Power Intervention in the Periphery. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
125.Taylor, Michael, 1976. Anarchy and Cooperation. New York: Wiley.
126.Thies, Wallace J., 2009. Why NATO Endures. New York: Cambridge University Press.
127.Uslu, Nasuh, 2003. The Turkish-American relationship between 1947 and 2003: The History of a Distinctive Alliance. New York: Nova Science.
128.Vasquez, John A., and Colin Elman (eds.) 2003. Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
129.Vernon, Raymond, 1971. Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises. New York: Basic Books.
130.Walt, Stephen M., 1987. The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca: Cornell University.
131.Walt, Stephen M., 2005. Taming American power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy. New York: W. W. Norton.
132.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1959. Man, the State, and War. New York: Columbia University Press.
133.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
134.Waltz, Kenneth N., 2008. Realism and International Politics. New York: Routledge.
135.Wear, Spencer R., 1998. Never at War: Why Democracies will not Fight One Another. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
136.Williams, Michael C. (ed.) 2007. Realism Reconsidered: The Legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau in International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press.
137.Young, Oran, 1994. International Governance: Protecting The Environment in A Stateless Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
138.Zakaria, Fareed, 1998. From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role. N.J.: Princeton University Press.
139.Zakaria, Fareed, 2008. The Post-American World. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

四、英文專書論文
1.Doyle, Michael W., 1993. “Politics and Grand Strategy” in Richard N. Rosecrance and Arthur A. Stein eds., The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press: 31-35.
2.Fearon, James, and Alexander Wend, 2002. “Rationalism vs. Constructivism: A Skeptical View,” in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons, eds., Handbook of International Relations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE: 52-72.
3.Gaubatz, Kurt Taylor, 1998. “None Dare Call It Reason: Domestic Incentives and the Politics of War and Peace,” in Randolph M. Siverson, ed., Strategic Politicians, Institutions, and Foreign Policy. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press: 117-142.
4.George, Alexander L., and Timothy J. McKeown, 1985. “Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making,” in Robert Coulam and Richard Smith, eds., Advances in Information Processing in Organizations, Vol. 2. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press: 34-41.
5.Gilligan, Michael J., and W. Ben Hunt, 1998. “The Domestic and International Sources of Foreign Policy: Alliance Formation in the Middle East, 1948-78,” in Randolph M. Siverson, ed., Strategic Politicians, Institutions, and Foreign Policy. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press: 143-168.
6.Kang, David, 2007. “U.S. Alliances and the Security Dilemma in the Asia-Pacific,” in Amitav Acharya and Evelyn Goh, eds., Reassessing Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific: Competition, Congruence, and Transformation. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press: 71-92.
7.Katzenstein , Peter J., 2008. “The Contributions of Eclectic Theorizing to the Study of International Relations,” in Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 109-130.
8.Keohane, Rebort O., 1980. “The Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977,” in Ole R. Holsti, Randolph Siverson, and Alexander George eds., Changes in the International System. Boulder: Westview: 131-162.
9.Keohane, Robert O., 1990. “Empathy and International Relations,” in Jane J. Mansbridge, ed., Beyond Self-Interest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 227-228.
10.Keohane, Robert O., 2009. “Foreword,” in Mario Telò, International Relations: A European Perspective. London: Ashgate: vii-viii.
11.Little, Richard, 2007. “The Balance of Power in Politics among Nations,” in Michael C. Williams ed., Realism Reconsidered: The Legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau in International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press: 137-165.
12.Nye, Joseph S., Jr., 2007. “The Future of Power,” in Chandra Chari ed., War, Peace and Hegemony in a Globalized World: The Changing Balance of Power in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge: 36-49.
13.Tajfel, Henri, and John Turner, 1979. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict,” in William G. Austin and Stephen Worchel eds., The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole: 33-47.
14.Waever, Ole, 1996. “The Rise and Fall of the Inter-Paradigm Debate,” in Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski, eds., International Theory: Positivism and Beyond . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 149-185.
15.Waever, Ole, 1998. “Insecurity, Security, and Asecurity in the West European Non-war Community,” in Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett, eds., Security Communities. New York: Cambridge University Press: 69-118.
16.Walt, Stephen M., 1994. “Collective Security and Revolutionary Change: Promoting Peace in the Former Soviet Union,” in George W. Downs, ed., Collective Security beyond the Cold War. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press: 169-175.
17.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1970. “The Myth of National Interdependence,” in Charles Kindleberger ed., The International Corporation: A Symposium (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press: 205-207.

五、英文期刊
1.Allison, Graham, and Andrei Kokoshin, 2002. “The New Containment: An Alliance against Nuclear Terrorism,” The National Interest 69: 35-45.
2.Altfeld, Michael F., 1984. “The Decision to Ally: A Theory and Test,” The Western Political Quarterly 37(4): 523-544.
3.Art, Robert, Stephen Brooks, William Wohlforth, Keir Lieber, and Gerard Alexander, 2005/2006. “Correspondence: Striking the Balance,” International Security 30(3): 177-196.
4.Axelrod, Robert, 1986. “An Evolutionary Approach to Norms,” American Political Science Review 80(4): 1105.
5.Axelrod, Robert, and Robert O. Keohane, 1985. “Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions,” World Politics 38(1): 226-254.
6.Baker, James A., III, 2002. “Russia in NATO?” The Washington Quarterly 25(1): 97.
7.Bar‐Siman‐Tov, Yaacov, 1980. “Alliance Strategy: U.S.-Small Allies Relationships,” Journal of Strategic Studies 3(2): 202-216.
8.Barnett, Michael, and Jack Levy, 1991. “Domestic Sources of Alliances and Alignments,” International Organization 45(3): 369-395.
9.Barnett, Michael, and Raymond Duvall, 2005. “Power and International Politics,” International Organization 59(1): 39-75.
10.Barrnett, Michael, 1997. “Bringing in the New World Order: Liberalism, Legitimacy, and the United Nations,” World Politics 49(4): 526-551.
11.Bee, Ronald J., 2000. “Boarding the NATO Train: Enlargement and National Interests,” Contemporary Security Policy 21(2): 162-163.
12.Beres, Louis René, 1972. “Bipolarity, Multipolarity, and the Reliability of Alliance Commitments,” The Western Political Quarterly 25(4): 702-710.
13.Borawski, John, 1995. “Partnership for Peace and beyond,” International Affairs 71(2): 233-234.
14.Brecher, Michael, 1999. “International Studies in the Twentieth Century and Beyond: Flawed Dichotomies, Synthesis, Cumulation,” International Studies Quarterly 43(2): 213-217.
15.Brooks, Stephen G., 1997. “Dueling Realisms,” International Organization, 51(3): 445-477.
16.Brooks, Stephen G., and William C. Wohlforth, 2002. “American Primacy in Perspective,” Foreign Affairs 81(4): 20-33.
17.Brooks, Stephen G., and William Wohlforth, 2005. “Hard Times for Soft Balancing,” International Security 30(1): 72-108.
18.Brown, Michael E., 1995. “The Flawed Logic of NATO Expansion,” Survival 37(1): 34-52.
19.Buzan, Barry, and Richard Little, 1996. “Reconceptualizing Anarchy: Structural Realism Meets World History,” European Journal of International Relations, 2(4): 403-438.
20.Buzan, Barry, and Richard Little, 2009. “Waltz and World History: The Paradox of Parsimony,” International Relations 23(3): 446-463.
21.Caporaso, James A., 1992. “International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations,” International Organization 46(3): 610.
22.Carter, Ashton B., 2004. “How to Counter WMD,” Foreign Affairs 83(5): 76.
23.Cha, Victor D., 2000. “Abandonment, Entrapment, and Neoclassical Realism in Asia: The United States, Japan, and Korea,” International Studies Quarterly 44(2): 261-291.
24.Cha, Victor D., 2010. “Powerplay: Origins of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia,” International Security, 34(3): 158-196.
25.Checkel, Jeffrey T., 1997. “International Norms and Domestic Politics: Bridging the Rationalist-Constructivist Divide,” European Journal of International Relations 3(4): 473-495.
26.Checkel, Jeffrey T., 1998. “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory,” World Politics 50(2): 324-348.
27.Checkel, Jeffrey T., 2004. “Social Constructivisms in Global and European Politics: A Review Essay,” Review of International Studies 30(2): 229-244.
28.Chen, Edward I-Hsin, 2012. “The Security Dilemma in U.S.-Taiwan Informal Alliance Politics,” Issues&Studies 48(1): 1-50.
29.Christensen, Thomas J., and Jack Snyder, 1990. “Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity,” International Organization 44(2): 137-168.
30.Christensen, Thomas J., 1999. “China, the U.S.-Japan Alliance, and the Security Dilemma in East Asia,” International Security 23(4): 49-80.
31.Claude, Inis L,. 1996. “Collective Legitimization as a Political Function of the United Nations,” International Organization 20(3): 367-379.
32.Cooper, Scott, 2003/4. “State-Centric Balance-of-Threat Theory: Explaining the Misunderstood Gulf Cooperation Council,” Security Studies 13(2): 306-349.
33.Copeland, Dale C., 2000. “The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay.” International Security 25(2): 187-212.
34.Cottey, Andrew, 1999. “Central Europe Transformed: Security and Co-operation on NATO’s New Frontier,” Contemporary Security Policy 20(2): 1-30.
35.Dannreuther, Roland, 1999. “Escaping the Enlargement Trap in NATO-Russian Relations,” Survival 41(4): 145-164.
36.Davis, Christopher, 2002. “Country Survey XVI The Defence Sector In The Economy of A Declining Superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001,” Defence and Peace Economics 13(3): 153.
37.Desch, Michael C., 2002. “Democracy and Victory: Why Regime Type Hardly Matters,” International Security 27(2): 5-47.
38.Desch, Michael C., 2003. “Democracy and Victory: Fair Fights or Food Fights?” International Security 28(1): 180-194.
39.Dinerstein, Herbert S., 1965. “The Transformation of Alliance Systems,” The American Political Science Review 59(3): 589-601.
40.Doyle, Michael W., 1983. “Kant, Liberal Legacy and Foreign Affairs,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 12(3): 205-235.
41.Doyle, Michael W., 1986. “Liberalism and World Politics,” The American Political Science Review 80(4): 1152.
42.Doyle, Michael W., 2005. “Three Pillars of the Liberal Peace,” The American Political Science Review 99(3): 463-466.
43.Dueck, Colin, 2004. “Ideas and Alternatives in American Grand Strategy, 2000-2004,” Review of International Studies 30(4): 511-535.
44.Duffield, John S., 1992. “International Regimes and Alliance Behavior: Explaining NATO Conventional Force Levels,” International Organization 46(4): 837-838.
45.Duffield, John S., 1994. “Explaining the Long Peace in Europe: The Contributions of Regional Security Regimes,” Review of International Studies 20(4): 378.
46.Duffield, John S., 1994-1995. “NATO's Functions after the Cold War,” Political Science Quarterly 109(5): 763-787.
47.Duncan, George T., and Randolph M. Siverson, 1982. “Flexibility of Alliance Partner Choice in a Multipolar System: Models and Tests,” International Studies Quarterly 26(4): 511-538.
48.Elman, Colin, 1996. “Horses for Courses: Why not Neorealist Theories of Foreign Policy?” Security Studies 6(1): 7-53.
49.Elman, Colin, 1996. “Cause, Effect, and Consistency: A Response to Kenneth Waltz,” Security Studies 6(1): 58-61.
50.Elman, Colin, 2001. “Introduction: History, Theory, and the Democratic Peace,” The International History Review 23(4): 757-766.
51.Elman, Colin and Miriam Fendius Elman, 1997. “Diplomatic History and International Relations Theory: Respecting Difference and Crossing Boundaries,” International Security 22(1): 5-21.
52.Epstein, Rachel A., 2005. “'NATO Enlargement and the Spread of Democracy: Evidence and Expectations,” Security Studies 14(1): 63-105.
53.Evangelista, Matthew, 2001. “Norms, Heresthetics, and the End of the Cold War,” Journal of Cold War Studies 3(1): 5-35.
54.Evera, Stephen Van, 1990-1991. “Primed for Peace: Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15(3): 7-57.
55.Fearon, James D., 1998. “Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, and Theories of International Relations,” Annual Review of Political Science 1: 289-313.
56.Feaveret, Peter D., al., 2000. “Brother Can You Spare a Paradigm? (Or Was Anybody Ever a Realist?)” International Security 25(1): 165-193.
57.Feng, Yi and, Paul J. Zak, 1999. “The Determinants of Democratic Transitions,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 43(2): 162-177.
58.Fiammenghi, Davide, 2011. “The Security Curve and the Structure of International Politics: A Neorealist Synthesis,” International Security 35(4): 126-154.
59.Fierke, K.M., and Antje Wiener, 1999. “Constructing Institutional Interests: EU and NATO Enlargement,” Journal of European Public Policy, 6(5): 721-742.
60.Finnemore, Martha, “International Organizations as Teachers of Norms: The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cutural Organization and Science Policy,” International Organization 47(4): 565-597.
61.Finnemore, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change,” International Organization 52(4): 887-917.
62.Frederking, Brian, 1998. “Resolving Security Dilemmas: A Constructivist Interpretation of the End of the Cold War,” International Politics 35(2): 207-232.
63.Fukuyama, Francis, 2004. “The Neoconservative Moment,” The National Interest 76: 57-68.
64.Gaddis, John Lewis, 1977. “Containment:A Reassessment,” Foreign Affairs 55(4): 873-881.
65.Gaddis, John Lewis, 1998. “History, Grand Strategy, and NATO Enlargement,” Survival 40(1): 145-151.
66.George, Jim, 1989. “International Relations and the Search for Thinking Space: Another View of the Third Debate,” International Studies Quarterly 33(3): 269-279.
67.Gheciu, Alexandra, 2005. “Security Institutions as Agents of Socialization? NATO and the ‘New Europe’,” International Organization 59(4): 973-1012.
68.Ghez, Jeremy and F. Stephen Larrabee, 2009. “France and NATO,” Survival 51(2): 77-90.
69.Gibler, Douglas M., and Meredith Reid Sarkees, 2004. “Measuring Alliances: the Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816–2000,” Journal of Peace Research 41(2): 211-222.
70.Glaser, Charles L., 1993. “Why NATO is Still Best: Future Security Arrangements for Europe,” International Security 18(1): 5-50.
71.Glaser, Charles L., 1997. “The Security Dilemma Revisited,” World Politics 50(1): 171-201.
72.Gordon, Philip H., 1996. “Recasting the Atlantic Alliance,” Survival 38(1): 32-57.
73.Gould-Davies, Nigel, 1999. “Rethinking the Role of Ideology in International Politics during the Cold War,” Journal of Cold War Studies 1(1): 90-109.
74.Grieco, Joseph M., 1988. “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism,” International Organization 42(3): 485-507.
75.Grigorescu, Alexandru, 2008. “East and Central European countries and the Iraq War: The Choice between ‘Soft Balancing’ and ‘Soft Bandwagoning’,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41(3): 281-299.
76.Guzzini, Stefano, 2000. “A Reconstruction of Constructivism in International Relations,” European Journal of International Relations 6(2): 150-155.
77.Haas, Peter M., 1989. “Do Regimes Matter? Epistemic Communities and Mediterranean Pollution Control” International Organization 43(3): 377-403.
78.Hasenclever, Andreas, and Brigitte Weiffen, 2006. “International Institutions are the Key: A New Perspective on the Democratic Peace,” Review of International Studies 32(4): 563-585.
79.Hoffmann,Stanley, Robert O. Keohane and John J. Mearsheimer, 1990. “Back to the Future, Part II: International Relations Theory and Post-Cold War Europe,” International Security 15(2): 191-199.
80.He, Kai and Huiyun Feng, 2008. “If Not Soft Balancing, Then What? Reconsidering Soft Balancing and U.S. Policy Toward China,” Security Studies 17(2): 363–395.
81.He, Kai, 2012. “Undermining Adversaries: Unipolarity, Threat Perception, and Negative Balancing Strategies after the Cold War,” Security Studies 21(2): 154-191.
82.Hellman, Gunther, and Reinhard Wolf, 1993. “Neorealism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, and the Future of NATO,” Security Studies 3(1): 3-43.
83.Hendricksona, Ryan C., 1999. “The Enlargement of NATO: The Theory and Politics of Alliance Expansion,” European Security 8(4): 84-99.
84.Hermann, Margaret G., 1998. “One Field, Many Perspectives: Building the Foundations for Dialogue,” International Studies Quarterly 42(4): 605-624.
85.Hildreth, Steven A., and Jason D. Ellis, 1996. “Allied Support for Theater Missile Defense,” Orbis 40(1): 118-119.
86.Hoffmann, Stanley, 1977. “An American Social Science: International Relations,” Daedalus 106(3): 41-60.
87.Hoffmann, Stanley, Robert O. Keohane and John J. Mearsheimer, 1990. “Back to the Future, Part II: International Relations Theory and Post-Cold War Europe,” International Security 15(2): 191-199.
88.Holsti, K. J., 1978. “A New International Politics? Diplomacy in Complex Interdependence,” International Organization 32(2): 513-515.
89.Holsti, K. J., 1989. “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Which Are the Fairest Theories of All?” International Studies Quarterly 33(3): 256.
90.Holsti, Ole R., 1962. “The Belief System and National Images: A Case Study,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 6(3): 244-252.
91.Hopf, Ted, 1998. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory,” International Organization 23(1): 171-200.
92.Hopf, Ted, 2000. “Constructivism All the Way Down,” International Politics 37(3): 369-378.
93.Huntington, Samuel P., 1999. “The Lonely Superpower,” Foreign Affairs 78(2): 35-49.
94.Ikenberry, G. John, 1998/1999. “Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order,” International Security 23(3): 43-78.
95.Jervis, Robert, 1978. “Cooperation under the Security Dilemma,” World Politics 30(2): 167-214.
96.Joffe, Josef, 1995. “ ‘Bismarck’ or ‘Britain’? Toward an American Grand Strategy after Bipolarity,” International Security 19(4): 94-117.
97.Joffe, Josef, 1997. “How America Does It,” Foreign Affairs 76(5): 14.
98.Kahler, Miles, 1998. “Rationality in International Relations,” International Organization 52(4): 919-941.
99.Katzenstein, Peter J., 1975. “International Interdependence: Some Long-Term Trends and Recent Changes,” International Organization 29(4): 1021-1034.
100.Katzenstein, Peter J., 2002. “Why is There No NATO in Asia?Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism,” International Organization 56(3): 575-607.
101.Katzenstein, Peter J. and Nobuo Okawara, 2001/2002. “Japan, Asian-Pacific Security, and the Case for Analytical Eclecticism,” International Security 26(3): 153-185.
102.Katzenstein, Peter J., Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner, 1998. “International Organization and the Study of World Politics,” International Organization 52(4): 645-685.
103.Kaufman, Robert G. 1992. “ ‘To Balance or To Bandwagon?’ Alignment Decisions in 1930s Europe,” Security Studies 1(3): 417-447.
104.Kegley, Charles W., Jr., and Gregory A. Raymond, “Alliance Norms and War: A New Piece in an Old Puzzle,” International Studies Quarterly 26(4): 572-595.
105.Kelsen, Hans, 1948. “Collective Security and Collective Self-Defense Under the Charter of the United Nations,” The American Journal of International Law 42(4): 783-796.
106.Kennan, George F., 1947. “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs 4: 566-582.
107.Keohane, Robert O., 1971. “The Big Influence of Small Allies,” Foreign Policy 2: 161-182.
108.Keohane, Robert O., 1974. “Transgovernmental Relations and International Organizations,” World Politics 27(1): 39-62.
109.Keohane, Robert O., 1982. “The Demand of International Regimes,” International Organization 36(2): 332-355.
110.Keohane, Robert O., 1986. “Reciprocity in International Relations,” International Organization 40(1): 1-27.
111.Keohane, Robert O., 1988. “Alliances, Threats, and the Use of Neorealism,” International Security 13(1): 169-176.
112.Keohane, Robert O., 1988. “International Institutions: Two Approaches,” International Studies Quarterly 32(4): 379-396.
113.Keohane, Robert O., 2000. “Ideas Part-Way Down,” Review of International Studies 26(1): 125-130.
114.Keohane, Robert O., and Lisa L. Martin, 1995. “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory,” International Security 20(1): 39-51.
115.Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, 1987. “Power and Interdependence Revisited,” International Organization 41(4): 727.
116.Kirshner, Jonathan, 1998. “Political Economy in Security Studies after the Cold War,” Review of International Political Economy 5(1): 76.
117.Krahmann, Elke, 2005. “Security Governance and Networks: New Theoretical Perspectives in Transatlantic Security,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 18(1): 22-23.
118.Kramer, Mark, 1999. “Ideology and the Cold War,” Review of International Studies 25(4): 539-576.
119.Krauthammer, Charles, 1990/1991. “The Unipolar Moment,” Foreign Affair 70(1): 23-33.
120.Krauthammer, Charles, 2004. “In Defense of Democratic Realism,” The National Interest 77: 15-25.
121.Krasner, Stephen D., 1982. “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables,” International Organization 36(2): 186.
122.Krasner, Stephen D., 1991. “Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier,” World Politics 43(3): 336-366.
123.Labs, Eric J., 1992. “Do Weak States Bandwagon?” Security Studies 1(3): 383-416.
124.Labs, Eric J., 1997. “Beyond Victory: Offensive Realism and the Expansion of War Aims,” Security Studies 6(4): 1-49.
125.Lai, Brian, and Daniel S. Morey, 2006. “Impact of Regime Type on the Influence of U.S. Foreign Aid,” Foreign Policy Analysis 2(4): 385-404.
126.Lake, David A. 1992. “Powerful Pacifists: Democratic States and War,” American Political Science Review 86(1): 24–37.
127.Lake, David A., 2001. “Beyond Anarchy: The Importance of Security Institutions,” International Security 26(1): 129-160.
128.Lake, David A. 2003. “Fair Fights? Evaluating Theories of Democracy and Victory,” International Security 28(1): 155-156.
129.Lake, David A., 2011. “Why ‘isms’ Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress,” International Studies Quarterly 55(2): 465-480.
130.Lapid, Yosef, 1989. “The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era,” International Studies Quarterly 33(3): 235-254.
131.Larson, Deborah Welch, 1997. “Trust and Missed Opportunities in International Relations,” Political Psychology 18(3): 701-734.
132.Layne, Christopher, 2002/3. “The ‘Poster Child for Offensive realism’: America as a Global Hegemon,” Security Studies 12(2): 120–164.
133.Leeds, Brett Ashley, Jeffrey M. Ritter, Sara McLaughlin Mitchell and Andrew G. Long, 2002. “Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815-1944,” International Interactions 28(3): 237-260.
134.Legro, Jeffrey W. and Andrew Moravcsik, 1999. “Is Anybody Still a Realist?” International Security 24(2): 5.-55.
135.Legro, Jeffrey W., 2009. “The Plasticity of Identity under Anarchy,” European Journal of International Relations 15(1): 37-65.
136.Levy, Jack S., 1997. “Too Important to Leave to the Other: History and Political Science in the Study of International Relations,” International Security 22(1): 22-33.
137.Lieber, Keir, and Gerard Alexander, 2005. “Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back,” International Security 30(1): 109-139.
138.Londregan, John B., and Keith T. Poole, 1990. “Poverty, The Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power,” World Politics 42(2): 151-183.
139.Lugar, Richard G., 2002. “Redefining NATO’s Mission: WMD Terrorism,” The Washington Quarterly 25(3): 10-12.
140.Mahoney, James, 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology,” Theory and Society 29(4): 507-548.
141.Maoz, Zeev, and Bruce Russet, 1993. “Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986,” American Political Science Review 87(3): 624-638.
142.Maoz, Zeev, and Nasrin Abdolali, 1989. “Regime Types and International Conflict, 1816-1976,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 33(1): 3-35.
143.March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen, 1998. “The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders,” International Organization 52(4): 951-952.
144.Martin, Lisa L,. 1992. “Interests, Power and Multilateralism,” International Organization 46(4): 765-792.
145.McCalla, Robert B., 1996. “NATO’s Persistence after the Cold War,” International Organization 50(3): 445-475.
146.Mearsheimer, John J., 1990. “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15(1): 5-56.
147.Mearsheimer, John J., 1994/1995. “The False Promise of International Institutions,” International Security 19(3): 5-49.
148.Mercer, Jonathan, 1995. “Anarchy and Identity,” International Organization 49(2): 229-252.
149.Mercer, Jonathan, 2005. “Rationality and Psychology in International Politics,” International Organization 59(1): 94-95.
150.Mercer, Jonathan, 2006. “Human Nature and the First Image: Emotion in International Politics,” Journal of International Relations and Development 9(3): 296-300.
151.Miller, Eric A., and Arkady Toritsyn, 2005. “Bringing the Leader Back In: Internal Threats and Alignment Theory in the Commonwealth of Independent States,” Security Studies 14(2): 325-363.
152.Milner, Helen, 1991. “The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique,” Review of International Studies 17(1): 67-85.
153.Miller, Paul D., 2012. “American Grand Strategy and the Democratic Peace,” Survival 54(2): 49-76.
154.Mochizuki, Mike, and Michael O’ Hanlon, 1998. “A Liberal Vision for the US-Japanese Alliance,” Survival 40(2): 127-134.
155.Morrow, James D., 1991. “Alliances and Asymmetry: An Alternative to the Capability Aggregation Model of Alliances,” American Journal of Political Science 35(4): 904-933.
156.Morrow, James D., 1993. “Arms versus Allies: Trade-offs in the Search for Security,” International Organization 47(2): 207-233.
157.Mowle, Thomas S., and David H. Sacko, 2007. “Global NATO: Bandwagoning in a Unipolar World,” Contemporary Security Policy 28(3): 597–618.
158.Narizny, Kevin, 2003. “The Political Economy of Alignment: Great Britain’s Commitments to Europe, 1905-39,” International Security 27(4): 184-219.
159.Nau, Henry R., 2011. “No Alternative to ‘Isms’,” International Studies Quarterly 55(2): 487-491.
160.Navon, Emmanuel, 2001. “The ‘Third Debate’ Revisited,” Review of International Studies 27(4): 611-627.
161.Neufeld, Mark, 1993. “Interpretation and the ‘Science’ of International Relations,” Review of International Studies 19(1): 40.
162.Nevers, Renée de, 2007. “NATO’s International Security Role in the Terrorist Era,” International Security 31(4): 65.
163.Nixon, Richard M., 1967. “Asia after Vietnam,” Foreign Affairs 46(1): 111-125.
164.Norris, Robert S., and Hans M. Kristensen, 2010. “Global Nuclear Weapons Inventories, 1945-2010,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 66(4): 77-83.
165.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 1987. “Nuclear Learning and U.S.-Soviet Security Regimes,” International Organization 41(3): 371-402.
166.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 1988. “Neorealism and Neoliberalism,” World Politics 40(2): 235-251.
167.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 1990. “Soft Power,” Foreign Policy 80: 153-171.
168.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 1990. “The Changing Nature of World Power,” Political Science Quarterly 105(2): 177-192.
169.Nye, Joseph S. Jr., et. al., 1993. “Harnessing Japan: A U.S. Strategy for Managing Japan’s Rise as a Global Power,” The Washington Quarterly 16(2): 29-42.
170.Pape, Robert, 2005. “Soft Balancing against the United States,” International Security 30(1): 7-45.
171.Paul, T.V., 2005. “Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy,” International Security 30(1): 46-71.
172.Perlmutter, Amos, and Ted Galen Carpenter, 1998. “NATO’s Expensive Trip East: The Folly of Enlargement,” Foreign Affairs 77: 2-6.
173.Perry, William J., 1996. “Defense in an Age of Hope,” Foreign Affairs 75(6): 64-79.
174.Pond, Elizabeth, and Kenneth N. Waltz, 1994. “Correspondence: International Politics, Viewed from the Ground,” International Security 19(1): 195-199.
175.Posen, Barry R., and Andrew L. Ross, 1996-1997. “Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy,” International Security 21(3): 5-53.
176.Price, Richard, and Christian Reus-Smit, 1998. “Dangerous Liaisons? Critical International Theory and Constructivism,” European Journal of International Relations 4(3): 266-267.
177.Raab, Jörg, and H. Brinton Milward, 2003. “Dark Networks as Problems,” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13(4): 413-439.
178.Rafferty, Kirsten, 2003. “An Institutionalist Reinterpretation of Cold War Alliance Systems: Insights for Alliance Theory,” Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique 36(2): 341-362.
179.Rasler, Karen, and William R. Thompson, 2001. “Rivalries and the Democratic Peace in the Major Power Subsystem,” Journal of Peace Research 38(6): 659-683.
180.Reiter, Dan, 1994. “Learning, Realism, and Alliances: The Weight of the Shadow of the Past,” World Politics 46(4): 490-526.
181.Reiter, Dan, 2001. “Why NATO Enlargement Does Not Spread Democracy,” International Security 25(4): 56-59.
182.Reiter, Dan, 2001. “Does Peace Nurture Democracy?” The Journal of Politics 63(3): 935-948.
183.Riim, Toomas, 2006. “Estonia and NATO: A Constructivist View on a National Interest and Alliance Behaviour,” Baltic Security & Defence Review 8: 34-52.
184.Risse-Kappen, Thomas, 1994. “Ideas do not Float Freely: Transnational Coalitions, Domestic Structures, and the End of the Cold War,” International Organization 48(2): 185-214.
185.Rose, Gideon, 1998. “Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy,” World Politics 51(1): 144-172.
186.Rosecrance, Richard N., 2002. “War and Peace,” World Politics 55(1): 137-166.
187.Rosecrance, Richard N., and Chih-Cheng Lo, 1996. “Balancing, Stability, and War: The Mysterious Case of the Napoleonic International System,” International Studies Quarterly 40(4): 479-500.
188.Ruggie, John G., 1983. “Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis,” World Politics 35(2): 261-285.
189.Ruggie, John G., 1993. “Territoriality and Beyond: Problem Modernity in International Relations,” International Organization 47(1): 139-174.
190.Ruggie, John G., 1998. “What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-Utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge,” International Organization 52(4): 881-882.
191.Russett, Bruce M., 1968. “Components of an Operational Theory of International Alliance Formation,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 12(3): 285-301.
192.Russett, Bruce M., 1971. “An Empirical Typology of International Military Alliances,” Midwest Journal of Political Science 15(2): 262-289.
193.Rynning, Sten, 2001/2. “Shaping Military Doctrine in France: Decisionmakers between International Power and Domestic Interests,” Security Studies 11(2): 85-116.
194.Rynning, Sten, and Jens Ringsmose, 2008. “Why Are Revisionist States Revisionist? Reviving Classical Realism as an Approach to Understanding International Change,” International Politics 45(1): 29.
195.Sandler, Todd, and Jon Cauley, 1975. “On the Economic Theory of Alliances,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 19(2): 330-348.
196.Schimmelfennig, Frank, 1998. “NATO Enlargement: A Constructivist Explanation,” Security Studies 8(2): 198-234.
197.Schroeder, Paul W., 1987. “The Collapse of the Second Coalition,” Journal of Modern History 59: 244-290.
198.Schroeder, Paul W., 1990. “Napoleon’s Foreign Policy: A Criminal Enterprise,” Journal of Military History 54(2): 147-162.
199.Schweller, Randall L., 1994. “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bring the Revisionist State Back in,” International Security 19(1): 72-107.
200.Schweller, Randall L., 1996. “Neorealism’s Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?” Security Studies 5(3): 90-121.
201.Schweller, Randall L., 2004. “Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing,” International Security 29(2): 159-201.
202.Serra, Don Narcis, 1988. “Spain, NATO and Western Security,” Adelphi Series 28(229): 3-13.
203.Sil, Rudra and Peter J. Katzenstein, 2010. “Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics: Reconfiguring Problems and Mechanisms across Research Traditions,” Perspectives on Politics 8(2): 411-431.
204.Sil, Rudra, and Peter J. Katzenstein, 2011. “De-Centering, Not Discarding, the ‘Isms’: Some Friendly Amendments,” International Studies Quarterly 55(2): 481-485.
205.Siverson, Randolph M., and Juliann Emmons, 1991. “Birds of a Feather: Democratic Political Systems and Alliance Choices in the Twentieth Century,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 35(2): 285-306.
206.Sjursen, Helene, 2004. “On the Identity of NATO,” International Affairs, 80(4): 687-703.
207.Skalnes, Lars S., 1998. “From the Outside in, From the Inside out: NATO Expansion and International Relations Theory,” Security Studies 7(4): 44-87.
208.Stein, Arthur A., 1982. “Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World,” International Organization 36(2): 299.
209.Stephanson, Anders, 2000. “Offensive Realism,” Boundary 2 27(1): 181-195.
210.Strange, Susan, 1982. “Cave! Hic Dragones: A Critique of Regime Analysis,” International Organization 36(2): 485.
211.Snyder, Glenn H., 1984. “The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics,” World Politics 36(4): 461-495.
212.Snyder, Glenn H., 1990. “Alliance Theory: A Neorealist First Cut,” Journal of International Affairs 44(1): 103-106.
213.Snyder, Glenn H., 2002. “Mearsheimer’s World—Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security,” International Security 27(1): 149-173.
214.Snyder, Robert S., 2005. “Bridging the Realist/Constructivist Divide: The Case of the Counterrevolution in Soviet Foreign Policy at the End of the Cold War,” Foreign Policy Analysis 1(1): 55-71.
215.Sorokin, Gerald L., 1994. “Arms, Alliances, and Security Tradeoffs in Enduring Rivalries,” International Studies Quaterly 38(3): 421-466.
216.Sweeney, Kevin, and Paul Fritz, 2004. “Jumping on the Bandwagon: An Interest-Based Explanation for Great Power Alliances,” The Journal of Politics 66( 2): 428-449.
217.Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., 2000/01. “Security Seeking under Anarchy,” International Security 25(3): 128-161.
218.Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., 2004. “Power Politics and the Balance of Risk: Hypotheses on Great Power Intervention in the Periphery,” Political Psychology 25(2): 177-211.
219.Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., 2006. “State Building for Future War: Neoclassical Realism and the Resource Extractive State,” Security Studies 15(3): 464-495.
220.Tang, Shiping, 2009. “Taking Stock of Neoclassical Realism,” International Studies Review 11(4): 799-803.
221.Tang, Shiping, 2009. “The Security Dilemma: A Conceptual Analysis,” Security Studies 18(3): 587-623.
222.Thies, Wallace J., Dorle Hellmuth and Ray Millen, 2006. “Does NATO Enlargement Spread Democracy?Evidence from Three Cases,” Democracy and Security 2(2): 201-230.
223.Trenin, Dmitri, 1996. “Avoiding a New Confrontation with NATO,” NATO Review 44(3): 20.
224.Vasquez, John A., 1997. “The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative versus Progressive Research Programs: An Appraisal of Neotraditional Research on Waltz’s Balancing Proposition,” American Political Science Review 91(4): 899-912.
225.Voss, James F., 1997. “Small Powers Learn from Big Wars,” Mershon International Studies Review 41(1): 127-129.
226.Wallander, Celeste A., 2000. “Institutional Assets and Adaptability: NATO after the Cold War,” International Organization 54(4): 705-735.
227.Walt, Stephen M., 1985. “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power,” International Security 9(4): 3-43.
228.Walt, Stephen M., 1988. “Testing Theories of Alliance Formation: The Case of Southwest Asia,” International Organization 42(2): 275-316.
229.Walt, Stephen M. 1997. “The Progressive Power of Realism,” The American Political Science Review 91(4): 931-935.
230.Walt, Stephen M., 1997. “Why Alliances Endure or Collapse,” Survival 39(1): 158-162.
231.Walt, Stephen M., 1998. “International Relations: One World, Many Theories,” Foreign Policy 110: 29-46.
232.Walt, Stephen M., 2009. “Alliances in a Unipolar World,” World Politics 61(1): 86-120.
233.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1991. “America as a Model for the World? A Foreign Policy Perspective,” Political Science and Politics 24(4): 670.
234.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1993. “The Emerging Structure of International Politics,” International Security 18(2): 44-79.
235.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1996. “International Politics is not Foreign Policy,” Security Studies 6(1): 54-57.
236.Waltz, Kenneth N., 1997. “Evaluating Theories,” American Political Science Review 91(4): 913-917.
237.Waltz, Kenneth N., 2000. “NATO Expansion: A Realist’s View,” Contemporary Security Policy 21(2): 23-38.
238.Waltz, Kenneth N., 2000. “Structural Realism after the Cold War,” International Security 25(1): 5-41.
239.Waterman, Harvey, Dessie Zagorcheva and Dan Reiter, 2001-2002. “NATO and Democracy,” International Security 26(3): 223-235.
240.Wendt, Alexander, 1987. “The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory,” International Organization 41(3): 335-370.
241.Wendt, Alexander, 1994. “Collective Identity Formation and the International State,” The American Political Science Review 88(2): 384-425.
242.Wendt, Alexander, 1995. “Constructing International Politics,” International Security 20(1): 71-81.
243.Wendt, Alexander, 2000. “On the Via Media: A Response to the Critics,” Review of International Studies 26(1): 165-180.
244.Wendt, Alexander, 2004. “The State as Person in International Theory,” Review of International Studies 30(2): 289-316.
245.Whiteneck, Daniel J., 2001. “Long-term Bandwagoning and Short-term Balancing: The Lessons of Coalition Behaviour from 1792 to 1815,” Review of International Studies 27(2): 151-168.
246.Williams, Michael C., 2004. “Why Ideas Matter in International Relations: Hans Morgenthau, Classical Realism, and the Moral Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization 58(4): 633-665.
247.Williams, Michael C. and Iver B. Neumann, 2000. “From Alliance to Security Community: NATO, Russia, and the Power of Identity,” Millennium-Journal of International Studies 29: 357-387.
248.Wither, James, 2006. “An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century,” European Security 15(1): 47-65.
249.Wohlforth, William C., 1994/1995. “Realism and the End of the Cold War,” International Security 19(3): 91-129.
250.Wohlforth, William C., 2000. “Ideology and the Cold War,” Review of International Studies 26(2): 327-331.
251.Yost, David S., 1998. “The New NATO and Collective Security,” Survival 40(2): 135-160.

六、未出版博士論文
1.Rafferty, Kirsten L., 2000. Alliances as Institutions: Persistence and Disintegration in Security Cooperation. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Montreal: McGill University.
2.Kwak, Kwang Sub, 2006. The United States-ROK Alliance, 1953-2004: Alliance Institutionalization. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University.

七、網站資源
1.http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/7/30/61806.shtml Analysis: China, Russia sewing up Eurasia
2.http://atop.rice.edu The Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, ATOP
3.http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/enlargement_process/accession_process/criteria/index_en.htm Accession criteria
4.http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People
5.http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/10141/kuchins1.pdf When Realism and Liberalism Coincide: Russian Views of U.S. Alliances in Asia
6.http://irlcjr.hudson.org/files/publications/annual_report_2001.pdf The Cost of Enlarging NATO
7.http://irtheoryandpractice.wm.edu/projects/trip/Final_Trip_Report_2009.pdf One Discipline or Many? TRIP Survey of International Relations Faculty in Ten Countries
8.http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/UnitedKingdom-2003.pdf Delivering Security in a Changing World: Defence White Paper
9.http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GNI.pdf Gross national income 2009, Atlas method
10.http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/57.htm The Marshall Plan (1947)
11.http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/congress/treaties_senate_role.pdf Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate
12.http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/enlargement.htm NATO Enlargement
13.http://www.bits.de/public/pdf/report94-1.pdf NATO, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations
14.http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa286.pdf Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 286: The High Cost of NATO Expansion: Clearing the Administration’s Smoke Screen
15.http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/0xx/doc8/foraid.pdf The Role of Foreign Aid in Development
16.http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/29xx/doc2976/NATO.pdf NATO Burdensharing After Enlargement
17.http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/46xx/doc4682/1996Doc25.pdf The Costs of Expanding the NATO Alliance
18.http://www.cfr.org/publication/4379/nato_after_911.html?id=4379 NATO After 9/11: Crisis or Opportunity?
19.http://www.comw.org/pda/bmemo10.htm Post-Cold War US Military Expenditure in the Context of World Spending Trends
20.http://www.correlatesofwar.org Correlates of War
21.http://www.defense.gov/ United States Department of Defense
22.http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/allied_contrib2004/allied2004.pdf Allied Contributions to the Common Defense: Multilateral Cost Sharing: NATO’s Common-Funded Budgets
23.http://www.dias-online.org/fileadmin/templates/downloads/DIAS_Kommentare/Kommentar32.pdf NATO Collective Security or Defense: The Future of NATO in Light of Expansion and 9/11
24.http://www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2011/RP2011-02-NATO_web.pdf NATO’s New Strategic Concept: A Comprehensive Assessment
25.http://www.fas.org/man/crs/97-688f.htm NATO Expansion: Cost Issues
26.http://www.fas.org/man/crs/97-717f.htm NATO: Article V and Collective Defense
27.http://www.fas.org/man/crs/RS21510.pdf NATO’s Decision-Making Procedure
28.http://www.fas.org/man/docs/bur/index.html Report on the BOTTOM-UP REVIEW
29.http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/nuke/index.html John Pike, “Nuclear Weapons,” The Federation of American Scientists
30.http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30150.pdf NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues
31.http://www.fpif.org/reports/hidden_costs_of_nato_expansion Hidden Costs of NATO Expansion
32.http://www.gees.org/files/documentation/07032010062902_Documen-07785.pdf Medvedev Approves New Russian Military Doctrine
33.http://www.globalsecurity.org Global Security
34.http://www.hks.harvard.edu/visions/publication/terrorism.htm Catastrophic Terrorism: Elements of a National Policy
35.http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/visions/publication/keohane_nye.pdf The Club Model of Multilateral Cooperation and the World Trade Organization: Problems of Democratic Legitimacy
36.http://www.marshallfoundation.org The George C. Marshall Foundation
37.http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/gxh/xsb/wjzs/t8985.htm 中俄戰略協作夥伴關係
38.http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/65F3D7AC-4340-4119-93A2-20825848E50E/0/sdr1998_complete.pdf Strategic Defence Review
39.http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/coldwar/nsc20-4.htm U.S. Objectives with Respect to the USSR to Counter Soviet Threats to U.S. Security, NSC 20/4, 23 November 1948
40.http://www.nato.int North Atlantic Treaty Organization
41.http://www.natochronicles.org The NATO Chronicles
42.http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/milex_15 The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2010
43.http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/nbc/nuclear Nuclear forces development, World nuclear forces, January 2012
44.http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/169274.pdf A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, 2011
45.http://www.state.gov/www/regions/eur/9702nato_report.html Report to the Congress on the Enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Rationale, Benefits, Costs and Implications
46.http://www.theotherrussia.org/2010/02/05/medvedev-confirms-revamped-military-doctrine Medvedev Confirms Revamped Military Doctrine
47.http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/coldwar/documents/pdf/10-1.pdf “A Report to the National Security Council - NSC 68”, April 12, 1950. President's Secretary’s File, Truman Papers
48.http://www.un.org United Nations
49.http://www.whitehouse.gov The White House
50.http://www.wm.edu/irtheoryandpractice/trip/surveyreport05-06.pdf Full Report: 2004/2005 Survey on Teaching, Research, and Policy
51.http://www.wm.edu/irtheoryandpractice/trip/surveyreport06-07.pdf Full Report: 2006/2007 Survey on Teaching, Research, and Policy
52.http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/think-again-soft-power Think Again: Soft Power
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE