全球性環境損害，不論其規模與發生之態樣，皆與傳統環境損害有顯著的差異，因此若僅從國家責任法角度分析全球性環境損害，將會有其遺漏之處。首先，全球性環境損害發生之原因，在科學上未必能加以明確認定，故也無法找出特定具體的加害者；其次，原因活動與損害發生之間，往往經過很長的歲月，難以確認彼此間因果關係；最後，全球環境損害對象覆蓋整個地球，所以究竟要將損害歸屬於那個特定主體亦非易事。綜合上述可知，在面對今日之全球環境議題時，我們應跳脫傳統國際環境法之基本架構，找尋新的模式加以因應。本文先介紹傳統國際法以事後救濟因應全球性環境保護事務之學說，接著分析該學說之瓶頸，從而提倡事前預防制度。最後，再特別就事前預防之國際制度分析京都議定書，並就相關問題加以整理，作為未來待檢討之課題。

Global environmental damage nowadays is very different from traditional environmental damage regardless of their scale and condition. So if we analyze only the global environmental damage from the State's responsibility point of view, there would be serious discrepancy. The causes of the occurrence of global environmental damage cannot necessarily be specified through science, neither can we specify the actual culprits. Furthermore, the duration between the activity and the occurrence of damage is usually long, so it is also difficult to create the causation. Finally, the spectrum of global environmental damage may spread over a very large area, it would be difficult to attribute the fault to certain subject of international law. Based upon the above, we may have to know that when we're facing nowadays global environmental subjects, we should seek for new solutions other than mechanism from the traditional international environmental law. This essay try to first introduce theories applied by traditional international law to resolve the issues, then analyzes the constraints of the theories, and to further advocate the new prevention system. In the meantime reviewing through this mechanism the Kyoto Protocol and its related issues.