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題名：兩岸華語詞表之比較及選詞建議
書刊名：華語文教學研究
作者：楊惠媚／陳浩然 引用關係／潘依婷
作者(外文)：Yang, Hui-mei／Chen, Howard Hao-jan／Pan, I-ting
出版日期：2014
卷期：11:1
頁次：頁67-98
主題關鍵詞：中文學習；華語詞表；核心詞；網路語料庫；高頻詞；Mandarin learning；Chinese wordlist；Core vocabulary；Web corpus；High-frequency words
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常用詞表是語言學習的核心內容，廣受學習者、教師及教材編撰人員的關注。目前兩岸皆提出供華語學習使用的詞表，但分析比較兩岸詞表異同的研究迄今相當少見。本研究首先比對TOCFL和HSK詞表，得到以下幾項重要發現：（1）兩岸選詞相當不同。儘管有3,700個詞相同，但TOCFL有3,619個詞不在HSK詞表中，而HSK詞表有1,296個詞不在TOCFL詞表中。（2）兩岸詞表的詞彙呈現及收詞原則不同。（3）HSK四字詞多出TOCFL詞表4.3倍的數量。（4）TOCFL詞表「兒化」詞的數量高於HSK詞表。此外，本研究觀察發現部分少用詞彙也被納入兩詞表之中。因此，本研究利用兩岸大型語料庫之前1萬筆高頻詞分別檢視兩詞表詞彙。發現TaiwanWac語料庫中有4,770筆語料庫高頻詞未被納入TOCFL詞表中，而Tenten語料庫中有6,357筆語料庫高頻詞未收錄至HSK詞表中。顯示語料庫高頻詞中有部分詞彙可建議納入TOCFL及HSK詞表中，以提升兩詞表品質及涵蓋率。此研究結果及建議可提供華語學習者、教師、教材編輯人員及考試單位作為參考。
General service list is at the core of language learning, and has received the attention of language learners, teachers and even textbook writers. In the field of Chinese learning, the TOCFL wordlist and HSK wordlist are the most well-known wordlists. However, few studies tried to compare these two important wordlists. In this study, we compared the TOCFL and HSK wordlists and found (1) There are 3,700 words shared by both the TOCFL and HSK wordlists while there are 3,619 words in TOCFL different from HSK. In contrast, HSK has only 1,296 words that differ from TOCFL. (2) The TOCFL and HSK wordlists are laid out differently. (3) The HSK contains more than 4.3 times the number of four-character words than TOCFL does. (4) The TOCFL wordlist contains a larger number of "er" words than the HSK does. Furthermore, we noticed that some low-frequency words were included in these two wordlists. With the help of two large corpora based on web pages of Mainland China and Taiwan, two top 10,000 high-frequency wordlists were compiled. These two wordlists were then compared with TOCFL and HSK wordlists separately. Based on the results of the comparison, we found that 4,770 high-frequency words from the TaiwanWac corpus were not included in the TOCFL wordlist. In addition, 6,357 high-frequency words from the Tenten corpus were not included in the HSK wordlist. To further improve the quality and coverage of TOCFL and HSK wordlists, it is suggested that some of these high-frequency words should be included in the two wordlists. The findings and recommendations of this study can be a useful reference for Chinese learners, teachers, textbook writers, and language test agencies.
期刊論文
1.Goulden, Robin、Nation, I. S. Paul、Read, John(1990)。How large can a receptive vocabulary be?。Applied Linguistics，11(4)，341-363。  new window
2.Bauer, L.、Nation, I.S.P.(1993)。Word families。International Journal of Lexicography，6(3)，1-27。  new window
3.Engels, L. K.(1968)。The fallacy of word counts。International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching，6(3)，213-231。  new window
4.Kilgarriff, Adam(1997)。Putting Frequencies in the dictionary。International Journal of Lexicography，10(2)，135-155。  new window
5.尤芳(2012)。語料庫與外語教學。科技信息，2，195。  延伸查詢new window
6.王麗亞(2011)。中學英語新彙教學藝術。教苑薈萃，8，37。  延伸查詢new window
7.李如龍、吳茗(2005)。略論對外漢語詞彙教學的兩個原則。語言教學與研究，2，41-47。  延伸查詢new window
8.李英(1997)。關於漢語水平詞彙與漢字等級大綱”的幾個問題。中山大學學報論叢，4，1-3。  延伸查詢new window
9.張亦政、張文芝(1995)。主観與客觀：教學詞表選詞論。外語界，57，37-43。  延伸查詢new window
10.張能甫(1999)。漢語基本詞彙研究的回顧與展望。四川師範大學學報社會科學版，2，88-93。  延伸查詢new window
11.張晉軍、李佩澤、李亞男、解妮妮、黃蕾(2012)。對新漢語水準考試（HSK ) 的新思考。中國考試，50-53。  延伸查詢new window
12.賈穎(2001)。字本位與對外漢語教學。漢語學習：學術版，4，78-80。  延伸查詢new window
13.張晉軍、解妮妮、王世華、李亞男、張鐵英(2010)。新漢語水平考試（HSK。中國考試，9，38-43。  延伸查詢new window
14.劉成博(2012)。語料庫語言學理論指導下的詞匯教學。江蘇教育，4，27-28。  延伸查詢new window
15.顧曰國(1998)。語料庫與語言研究一兼編者的話。當代語言學試刊，1，1-3。  延伸查詢new window
16.胡明楊(1997)。對外漢語教學中語彙教學的若干問題。語言文字應用，1，12-17。  延伸查詢new window
17.俞靜(2011)。論對外漢語教學中的詞彙教學。文學教育，8，64-66。  延伸查詢new window
18.Coxhead, Averil(2000)。A new academic word list。TESOL quarterly，34(2)，213-238。  new window
會議論文
1.張莉萍、陳鳳儀(2005)。華語詞彙分級初探。第六屆漢語詞彙語義學研討會。新加坡中文與東方語言信息處理學會。250-260。  延伸查詢new window
2.張莉萍(2007)。華語文能力測驗（TOP-Huayu）發展現況。外語能力測驗之動向與展望國際學術研討會，185-195。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.王建新(2005)。計算機語料庫的建設與應用。北京：清華大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Davies, M.、Gardner, D.(2010)。A frequency dictionary of contemporary American English。New York：Routledge。  new window
3.Dupuy, H. J.(1974)。The rationale, development, and standardization of a basic word vocabulary test。US Government Printing Office。  new window
4.Jamieson, P.(1976)。The acquisition of English as a second language by young Tokelau children living in New Zealand.。  new window
5.Hunston, Susan(2002)。Corpora in Applied Linguistics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Nation, I. S. Paul(2001)。Learning Vocabulary in Another Language。Cambridge University Press。  new window
其他
1.Davies, M.(2012)。Corpus of Contemporary American English，http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/。  new window
2.許巧齡，吳慧萍(2010)。華語文評量規劃與測驗設計，http://www.huayuworld.org/wp-course/97_huayu_ seed_plan digital course/Course 9 wu/download/Manual Test.pdf/。  new window
3.國家華語測驗推動工作委員會(2013)。華語八千詞表說明，http://www.sc-top.org.tw/download/8000— descnption.pdf。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Leech, G.(1997)。Teaching and Language Corpora. A convergence。Teaching and Language Corpora。London：Longman。  new window
2.Nation, P.、Waring, R.(1997)。Vocabulary size, text coverage and wordlists。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Sinclair, J.(1996)。Beginning the study of lexis。London：Longman。  new window
 
 
 
 
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