The purpose of this thesis is to explore the transition process of landscape, living activities in Dongshan mountain villages and the influencing factors behind them, and furthermore to observe labor distributions of various living activities. When the stimulus of external environmental changes influenced this region, the landscape of the earth surface and living activities here therefore were adjusted too. Besides, according to the differences of local natural environment and of the influenced extend of external environments, the transition of living activities in various regions differed. From Japanese colonial period, many policies and external factors had affected living activities of mountain village in Dongshan township, and therefore the original various living activities gradually transferred into the producing model of specialized fruit tree cultivation area. In recent year, for against the competition from overseas agricultural products and the rising of touring and leisure industry, the primary industry in Taiwan is transforming into corporation with leisure industry. Meanwhile, Dongshan township had also joined the trend of industry transition, and began to promote Dongshan township Coffee Festival, which hoped to bring touring and leisure mechanism for agriculture based Dongshan township by holding festivals and cooperating with local touring resources. Four periods of living activities and landscape of earth surface in mountain village of Dongshan township are as follows: 1) Period of Paddy Rice-Sugarcane-Grains, 2) Period of Sugarcane-Fruit Tree Cultivation, 3) Period of Fruit Tree Cultivation, 4) Period of Initial Stage of Leisure Agriculture. Therefore, generally speaking, the landscapes of earth surface and living styles are all transformed from diversification into specialization.