This article aims to study how new generation educational researchers in Japan are trained by investigating the three aspects of the problem: how educational science and educational researchers are defined, what institutions are responsible for the training and the appointment of new generation educational researchers, and what the subsidy and support systems are during the training period. By way of a field study and document analysis, this study is able to obtain the following three main findings: First, Japanese educational research is found to have its origins in Europe and the United States. It is based on two concepts. One concept, which focuses on speculative method, leads to a more theory-oriented kind of educational research; the other concept leads to the research in branches of educational sciences, such as educational philosophy, history of education, and educational psychology. As a result, the term “educational researchers” in Japan can be broadly defined as follows: “Educational researchers are those who teach and do research in the field of educational sciences in higher education or research institutes”. Second, based on the principle of self-sufficiency, national universities, including the old imperial universities, are the primary sources and private universities are the secondary sources of the training of educational researchers. There are few foreign researchers, and Japanese researchers with degrees from foreign countries are few, too. The trainin process does not follow a fixed pattern, including admissions criteria, curricula, ways of guidance, and limitations on qualifications. Certification requirements and appointment conditions are flexibly decided by the appointment authorities. Third, the Japanese government has recognized the importance of the training of new generation researchers. Measures, including postulation of related regulations and provision of scholarships and post-doctoral research opportunities, are being taken to improve the quality and the flowofnew generation educational researchers.