Based on the concept of Karl Marx's Alienation, this study regards martial art as an activity of embodying human essence and tries to employ the relationship between human and martial art and the alienation phenomenon of martial art via the essence of martial art. By analyzing the documentary data, this study expounds the concept of Karl Marx's Alienation; moreover it explores the alienation of the various relationships between human and martial art and the alienation of martial art. Therefore, we can differentiate and analyze deeply what caused the martial art to alienate, and dig the profound meaning of Chinese martial art to society of nowadays. The findings show that the alienation emerges during the development procedure of martial art because of the influence of western athletic sports and the commercialized sport. Martial art becomes a purposeful tool and the performer becomes a person who only operates the tool. As a result, the performer who embodies life by martial art would not enjoy the balance of body and soul but becomes a fighting machine. In a word, the various relationships between human and martial art would change since the purpose for human to pursue martial art is different, and martial art itself becomes a kind of athletic sport. In a long run, the athletics, regularized, and institutionalized form of athletic martial art is produced and Chinese martial art is on its way to alienation during the modernization process.