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題名:「雙眼牆」颱風的探討
書刊名:中華防災學刊
作者:陳正改
作者(外文):Chen, Joe C. K.
出版日期:2015
卷期:7:1
頁次:頁5-24
主題關鍵詞:颱風颱風眼眼牆雙眼牆三道眼牆環型對流雨帶追風計畫TyphoonTyphoon eyeEyewallConcentric eyewallTriple eyewallA ring of convective thunderstormsDropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan RegionDOTSTAR
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:14
颱風或颶風等熱帶氣旋的「眼牆(eyewall)」,是最接近颱風中心(颱風眼)的環型對流雨帶;該區的風力最強勁,雨勢也最驚人。大部份的颱風通常只有一個「眼牆」,但發展成熟且強度達強烈階段的颱風也會出現「雙眼牆」(concentric eyewall)結構之特徵。根據氣象學者的研究文獻顯示,大西洋海域的颶風,至少有二分之一會出現「雙眼牆」現象,甚至還曾出現過「三道眼牆」(triple eyewall)的案例。但西北太平洋及南海海域的颱風具有「雙眼牆」特徵之案例,在過去則較罕見。然近年來,侵台颱風出現「雙眼牆」的案例竟時有所聞;此應歸功於我國都卜勒氣象雷達站網的建立、氣象衛星監測設備的更新,以及由學術界和氣象作業單位共同合作執行「追風計畫」(DOTSTAR),派遣飛機進入颱風暴風圈內蒐集大氣環境資料予以研判所致。這種「雙眼牆」結構到底是如何形成?又具有什麼科學意義?對我們的災害防救衝擊又是如何?本文擬針對近四十(1975~2014)年來於西北太平洋及南海海域所發生且對台灣地區造成嚴重災情,並具有科學研究價值的八個「雙眼牆」颱風案例作詳細回顧及探討,進而對其共同的特徵、結構和形成機制,加以分析及詮釋;藉此就教氣象界的先進們,同時與從事災害防救業務的所有師長和同仁們分享經驗及提供參考。
Eyewalls of Tropical cyclones (including typhoons and hurricanes) are rings of convective thunderstorms closest to eyes of cyclones. Most intense winds and torrential rainfall are perceived in eyewalls. Generally speaking, no more than one eyewall is observed in a tropical cyclone; however, concentric eyewall do appear in mature and tremendous cyclones. Previous studies indicate that at least one half of Atlantic hurricanes have concentric eyewall, even triple eyewall. However, typhoons with concentric eyewall are rather rarely perceived over the Western North Pacific and the South China Seas. Nevertheless, concentric eyewall has been recognized in several typhoons impacting Taiwan in recent years, a phenomenon which should be attributed to the construction of the national Doppler radar network, the renovation of satellite monitoring facilities, and the execution of the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the TAiwan Region (DOTSTAR) project, which incorporates the effort of academia and operational meteorological units and conducts observation by releasing dropsondes directly into typhoons. How does the concentric eyewall form? What is the scientific significance? How does this characteristic impact the disaster mitigation? The present article reviewed and investigated eight concentric eyewall typhoons over the Western North Pacific and the South China Seas which not only have significantly damaged Taiwan but also have appeared scientific significant. Common features, structure, and formation mechanisms were analyzed and interpreted so as to share experience and stimulate interaction and discussions from fellows specializing in disaster prevention and relief.
期刊論文
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4.Kossin, James P.、Sitkowski, Matthew(2009)。An Objective Model for Identifying Secondary Eyewall Formation in Hurricanes。Monthly Weather Review,137(3),876。  new window
5.McNoldy, Brian D.(2004)。Triple Eyewall in Hurricane Juliette。Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,85(11),1663-1666。  new window
6.Molinari, J.、Vallaro, D.(1985)。External influences on hurricane intensity, Part I: Outfoow layer eddy angular momentum fluxes。J. Atmos. Sci.,46(8),1093-1105。  new window
7.Nong, S.、Emanuel, K.(2003)。A numerical study of the genesis of concentric eyewalls in hurricanes。Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,129(595),3323-3338。  new window
8.Shanmin, Chen(1987)。Preliminary analysis on the structure and intensity of concentric doubleeye typhoons。Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,4(1),113-118。  new window
9.Shapiro, L. J.、Willoughby, H. E.(1982)。The Response of Balanced Hurricanes to Local Sources of Heat and Momentum。J. Atmos. Sci.,39(2),378-394。  new window
10.Terwey, W. D.、Montgomery, M. T.(2008)。Secondary eyewall formation in two idealized, full-physics modeled hurricanes。J. Geophys. Res.,113(D12112)。  new window
11.Willoughby, H.、Clos, J. A.、Shoreibah, M. G.(1982)。Concentric Eye Walls, Secondary Wind Maxima, and The Evolution of the Hurricane vortex。J. Atmos. Sci.,39(2),395-411。  new window
12.Willoughby, H.、Jorgensen, D.、Black, R.、Rosenthal, S.(1985)。Project STORMFURY: A Scientific Chronicle 1962。Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,66(5),505-514。  new window
13.陳正改(20140200)。臺灣近一甲子重大天然災害之回顧及探討。中華防災學刊,6(1),5-24。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Hawkins, J. D.、Helveston, M.(2008)。Tropical cyclone multiple eyewall characteristics。28th Conf. Hurr. Trop. Meteor。Orlando, FL。  new window
2.Blackwell, Keith G.(2008)。Hurricane Katrina's eyewall replacement cycle over the northern Gulf and accompanying double eyewalls at landfall: A key to the storm's huge size and devastating impact over a three-state coastal region。28th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology,(會議日期: 2008/05/02)。  new window
學位論文
1.陳怡良(2004)。台灣地形beta-e效應對颱風路徑的影響--東南駛流個案探討(博士論文)。臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Hurricane Research Division。History of Project Stormfury。  new window
其他
1.Corbosiero, K. L.。Vortex Rossby Wave Theory and Literature 2009/12/01。  new window
2.林宜靜(20130921)。「魔鬼兔」現雙眼牆花東豪雨上看1100毫米。  延伸查詢new window
3.林紳旭(20130712)。蘇力變成雙眼牆颱路徑將不穩。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳俊傑,林博雄,周昆炫(2014)。侵台颱風之飛機偵察及投落送觀測實驗,http://typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw/DOTSTAR/tw/。  延伸查詢new window
5.美國國家海洋暨大氣總署(2013)。破風計畫,http://cleowaller.blogspot.com/2013/02/project-stormury-was-attempt-to-weaken.html。  延伸查詢new window
6.劉承珏,許瑛玿(2011)。雙眼牆颱風,http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/WPtest。  延伸查詢new window
7.(2009)。颱風『眼牆置換』的成因及功能,http://taiwan-typhoon.freebbs.tw/viewthread.php?tid=941。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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